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Cold sores or fever blisters erupt inside the lips or cheeks, around the mouth, or near the nose and chin. These itchy and tingly sores might sometimes be painful too. Usually, cold sores are likely to disappear in a couple of weeks. But what happens when they occur during pregnancy? What should you do about them?
We tell you about it in this MomJunction post. Keep reading to know more about cold sores during pregnancy.
Are Cold Sores Common In Pregnancy?
Cold sores are usually caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), especially type 1 of the virus (1). Therefore, they are likely to be common in women who have experienced them in the past (2).
What Are The Causes Of Cold Sores During Pregnancy?
Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex viruses named HSV1 and HSV2. The virus transmits from one person to another through skin to skin contact during touching, sexual intimacy, kissing, or sharing contaminated items (3).
Once a woman has contracted the virus, the following risk factors could trigger the cold sore virus.
- Hormonal changes that frequently rise and fall could make the body susceptible to viral infection, including a cold sore outbreak (4).
- Psychological concerns, such as stress and fear could trigger the virus (5).
- Certain foods (acidic, spicy, or salty), citrus fruits, exposure to the sun, and hot water could trigger the virus and cause cold sores (6).
Signs And Symptoms Of Cold Sores In Pregnancy
The common signs and symptoms that could indicate cold sores during pregnancy include:
- Swelling of the lips
- Small, painful blisters
- Redness
- Tiny bumps over your lips
- Fever
- Pains and aches
- Sore throat
Cold sores develop gradually, in five different stages, when you might experience the above symptoms. Understanding the changes in each of these stages might help you take the right steps to prevent them from spreading to other parts of the body.
Stages Of Cold Sores
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The cold sores last for seven to 12 days, and during this time, they might progress in different stages (7).
Stage 1: The tingling stage
You may experience a tingling sensation for about a couple of days. The skin (inside your lips, on your lips, or inside the cheeks) might turn sore and red and might even swell and become itchy.
Stage 2: The blister stage
This stage lasts for about two days. During this stage, new blisters may form and spread to other parts in the absence of proper care.
Stage 3: The weeping stage
At this stage, the blisters may burst, and you might experience pain. The cold sores might scab over at this point.
Stage 4: The scabbing stage
The scabs may crack and even bleed. They could be itchy, but make sure you are not poking them.
Stage 5: The healing stage
In this stage, all the scabs flake off and disappear soon after. Even the scars slowly vanish.
Observe the progress of cold sores and treat them in time to prevent the infection from spreading.
Are Cold Sores Contagious?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), herpes infections are highly contagious when symptoms such as ‘cold sores’ are present (8). The virus may be passed from one person to another. If the bump ruptures, the active virus could spread via lipstick, cups, utensils, kissing, or through oral sex (9).
According to the UT Southwestern Medical Center, HSV 1 or the cold sore infection could pass from the infected person to the baby. This usually happens when the person kisses the baby or when the baby is touched after the cold sore is touched (10).
Therefore, it is important to treat the cold sore in pregnancy to prevent the virus from spreading to the baby after it is born.
How To Treat Cold Sores In Pregnancy?
Home care measures for the sores might alleviate pain and discomfort. In some cases, medication may be necessary.
1. Home treatment
- You may try some home remedies to ease the cold sore-related pain and discomfort
- Placing a cold compress (wet, cool cloth, or towel) on the sores may help reduce the redness and pain.
- A mouthwash containing baking soda may also reduce the soreness.
- Apply sunscreen before going outside.
You may apply aloe vera gel or lip balm containing soothing ingredients on the sores.
2. Clinical medicine
Before you take any medication for cold sores in pregnancy, talk to your doctor. Ideally, antiviral medications are prescribed to treat cold sores. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the common options include valacyclovir, famciclovir, and acyclovir (11). These fall under pregnancy category B medications of the US Food and Drug Administration.
If the cold sores get severe, the doctor may change the dose or prescribe other treatment.
Are Cold Sores An Early Sign Of Pregnancy?
Cold sores are common, and most pregnant women may experience them. But they may not be an early sign of pregnancy. A woman may get cold sores at any point during the gestation period.
Are Cold Sores During Pregnancy Harmful To The Baby?
According to the Royal Hospital for Women, Australia, cold sores may not affect newborn babies. But they are infectious and should be treated in time so that they don’t spread to the infant (1). But if you have genital herpes, then there are chances of the virus transmitting to the baby during the process of childbirth (known as acquired herpes).
To prevent cold sores in pregnancy, follow a well-balanced diet, and get proper rest. If the cold sores appear, try not to touch them. Also, avoid spicy foods and keep your hands sanitized. Though there is nothing to worry about cold sores in pregnancy, you should consult your doctor and get them treated as soon as you can.
References:
2. Cold sores in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding; The Royal Hospital For Women (2016)
3. Cold sores in pregnancy; Pregnancy, Birth and Baby; Healthdirect Australia (2019
4. Cold sores; University of Wisconsin-Madison
5. D. B. Donahue; Diagnosis and Treatment of Herpes Simplex Infection During Pregnancy; Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing (2002)
6. Herpes simplex; Mount Sinai
7. Cold Sores; San Diego State University
8. Herpes simplex virus; World Health Organization (2017)
9. D. Shipp; How contagious are cold sores?; The Ohio State University (2019)
10. R. Horsager-Boehrer and J. Kahn; How to protect your baby from herpes infection; UT Southwestern Medical Center (2017)
11. ACOG Releases Guidelines on Managing Herpes in Pregnancy; American Academy of Family Physician (2008)
