ORS for Babies: Dosage, Benefits And How To Make It At Home

Its dosage depends on the condition's severity and the baby's age, so talk to your doctor.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Elna Gibson, MBChB, MMed Dr. Elna Gibson Dr. Elna GibsonMBChB, MMed MomJunction on Facebook Specialty: PediatricsExperience: 25 years
Written by , M.Sc. (Food & Nutrition), MBA Swati Patwal M.Sc. (Food & Nutrition), MBA Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Food, Nutrition and HealthExperience: 10 years
Edited by , BSc, MBA Rohit Garoo BSc, MBA Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Baby Health and WellnessExperience: 9 years
Fact-checked by , MSc, MA, BEd Ghazia Shah MSc, MA, BEd Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Health & WellnessExperience: 3 years
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Preparing ors for baby

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Oral rehydration salts (ORS) is an oral rehydration formula made of dry salts and is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). You may prepare a solution of ORS for babies at home by mixing salt and sugar in the prescribed quantity of clean drinking water. You can also purchase ORS as a powder or as a pre-mixed liquid oral rehydration solution, also called ORS, from a drugstore or pharmacy.

Oral hydration using ORS replenishes the water and electrolytesiElectrically charged minerals present in body fluids that regulate the smooth functioning of the nerves, cells, muscles, heart, and brain lost from the body during health conditions such as diarrhea. Hence, ORS is a common component of oral rehydration therapy (ORT).

Keep reading this post to learn more about when babies need ORS, its benefits, the right quantities to administer it, and tips to make ORS at home.

In This Article

When Do Babies Need Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)?

Dehydration causes lethargy in babies

Image: Shutterstock

Babies need ORT when they lose excess water and electrolytes from their bodies. Several conditions and factors could cause loss of electrolytes and fluids. Babies are vulnerable to infections, gastrointestinaliRelated to the stomach and intestines illnesses, and issues that can cause persistent diarrhea and vomiting, leading to acute dehydration.

Dehydration can lead to several adverse health effects, making ORS use under the pediatrician’s guidance imperative for rehydration and fluid replacement. Below are some signs of dehydration in infants (1).

  • Severe thirst
  • Crankiness and restlessness
  • Less number of soiled diapers due to less urination
  • Dark yellow urine
  • No tears while crying
  • Dry corners of the mouth and chapped lips
  • Sunken soft spot or fontanellesiSoft membranous spots between the bones and the skull of a baby’s head on the top of the head
  • Sunken eyes
  • LethargyiThe feeling of laziness, low energy, or lack of willingness to do an activity

If your baby is exhibiting any of these symptoms, consult a pediatrician and discuss ORT. In severe dehydration, the baby may become dizzy and lose consciousness.

protip_icon Experts say
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infants with severe acute malnutrition having diarrhea and dehydration may be given modified ORS for malnutrition (ReSoMal) or half-strength standard WHO low-osmolarity ORS (10).

What Are The Benefits Of Oral Rehydration Solution?

Oral rehydration salts or solutions contain sodium chloride, anhydrous glucose, potassium chloride, and trisodium citrate (dihydrate) (2). The salts help maintain electrolyte balance in the body, while glucose provides the energy to recover, recuperate, and heal.

Below are some other benefits of ORS (3).

  • It is cost-effective and readily available.
  • It is easy-to-prepare and easy-to-administer at home.
  • It contains the right ratio of salts necessary to maintain the body’s osmolarityiThe amount of osmoles concentration present in a liter of solution , which is essential to keep the body’s physiological harmony.
  • It acts fast as the solution contains simple salts that readily enter the bloodstream.
  • It can be administered orally, so even individuals without a medical background can administer it easily.

How To Give ORS To Infants?

Below are the steps to make an ORS and administer it to babies.

  1. Boil 200ml of clean drinking water in a clean and sterilizediSomething that went through the cleansing process to kill bacteria utensil and then cool it.
  1. Pour this water into a glass and mix it with a teaspoon of ORS powder. Stir well until the powder completely dissolves and the solution appears cloudy. Don’t mix ORS in milk, fruit juice, or any other fluid.
Pour water into a glass and mix ORS for babies

Image: IStock

  1. Wash your hands before feeding ORS to the baby.
  1. Children under two should be given a teaspoon of this solution every one to two minutes using a spoon, dropper, or feeder throughout the day (4). Don’t use bottles to feed ORS.
  1. Infants and children are advised one to two liters of ORS over 24 hours, although the quantity could vary depending on the baby’s health. Consult a pediatrician to determine the quantity of ORS your baby needs.
  1. Feed as much ORS as advised for the baby in 24 hours and discard the remaining unused solution. Make a fresh solution every 24 hours.

Dr. Kristen Cook, a Chicago-based board-certified pediatrician, says, “The reason oral rehydration solutions need to be used within 24 hours is to prevent the growth of bacteria within the solution. Once a bottle of ORS is opened, the fluid inside is exposed to a potentially contaminated environment, which could lead to bacterial growth and make an already ill child even sicker.”

You can also use packaged, pre-mixed liquid ORS and begin from step three mentioned above. Your baby may also receive other medications to control diarrhea and vomiting that cause dehydration. If ORS does not improve the baby’s health, speak to the doctor.

What Quantity Of ORS Solution Does A Baby Need?

What Quantity Of ORS Solution Does A Baby Need

Image: IStock

The quantity of ORS needed by a baby depends on the severity of dehydration. It could also depend on the frequency of vomiting or diarrhea. For instance, according to UNICEF, children under two years need one-fourth to one-half of a large cup (250ml) of ORS solution after each watery or loose stool. Children older than two years need half to one liter after each watery stool (5).

The precise quantity of ORS needed could vary due to several factors, including if the baby is receiving other medications. Therefore, speak to a pediatrician to determine the quantity of ORS solution appropriate for your baby.

What To Do If ORS Is Not Available?

If oral rehydration salts or solutions are unavailable, you may prepare ORS for the baby at home. Below are the steps to make ORS at home (6).

  1. Wash your hands using soap and water. Ensure the utensils you are using to make the solution are clean and sterilized.
  1. Mix six level teaspoons of sugar and one-half level teaspoon of salt in one liter of clean boiled and cooled water. You may use molasses (a form of raw sugar) instead of white sugar since molasses contain more potassium.
  1. Stir the mixture well until the sugar and salt dissolve entirely, resulting in a faint opaque solution.
Mix sugar and salt in water for babies

Image: Shutterstock

  1. Feed as much solution as the baby needs or as advised by the doctor. Alternatively, feed other fluids, such as breast milk.
  1. If a baby vomits, stop for ten minutes and re-feed ORS. Feed small quantities as the baby will be able to tolerate it better.
  1. You can store fresh ORS in a cool place. Chilling the ORS in a refrigerator is good, but it should not be used for more than 24 hours after preparation.

Babies older than six months can be given different foods, such as gruels, rice water (congee), carrot soup, and tender coconut water, for hydration. Once the baby is rehydrated and their digestive system seems at ease, you may begin feeding them a regular diet after consulting your doctor.

Are There Any Side Effects Of ORS?

ORS solution, when administered in recommended quantities, does not lead to side effects. Overfeeding ORS may cause complications, such as electrolyte imbalance and water retention. In rare cases, ORS may not be suitable for babies with some health conditions or those on some medications.

Incorrectly prepared homemade ORS may have counter effects. For instance, too much sugar or salt in the ORS could worsen diarrhea. If you suspect your baby is displaying side effects to ORS, consult a healthcare provider.

Precautions To Take While Feeding ORS To Babies

Below are some precautions to observe while feeding ORS to a baby (7).

  • Avoid feeding ORS to babies with impaired renal function, gastrointestinal obstruction, or chronic health problems without consulting a doctor first.
  • Discuss with your doctor about the time for administering other medicines if the baby is on ORS.
  • Don’t use an ORS solution for more than three to four days unless directed otherwise by your doctor.
  • Avoid feeding ORS in one gulp since it may exacerbate vomiting in some babies. Instead, use a spoon or a sippy cup to feed small quantities over a short period.
protip_icon Quick tip
Try administering ORS to your infant using a medication dropper, small teaspoon, or frozen pops if they refuse to drink it from a cup or bottle (11).
Use a spoon or a sippy cup to feed ORS to baby

Image: Shutterstock

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Does ORS stop diarrhea in babies?

ORS doesn’t stop diarrhea. However, when used for diarrhea treatment, it helps in electrolyte and fluid replenishment to prevent dehydration (8).

2. Can I give ORS to my baby daily?

Babies should be given ORS until they are vomiting or have diarrhea. According to experts, children should not consume ORS as the only fluid for more than six hours (9).

3. How long should it take for ORS to take effect on a baby?

Dehydration generally gets better within three to four hours of feeding ORS solution to the baby (7).

As per pediatricians’ recommendations, you may give ORS for babies to replenish body fluids and electrolytes lost in vomiting and diarrhea. You may mix the ORS packet in clean drinking water in recommended measures. Salts in ORS maintain the electrolyte and fluid balance, glucose provides energy, and water hydrates the baby. Most babies require an ORS solution each time after watery stools. Excess feeding of ORS can cause electrolyte imbalances and water retention in babies. It is also important to treat gastrointestinal issues’ underlying causes with rehydration therapy. Babies with severe vomiting and diarrhea may require intravenousiAdministered or connected through a vein rehydration in hospital settings.

Infographic: Age-wise Requirement Of ORS

The per-hour requirement of ORS in babies may vary according to their age. Correct amounts of ORS may provide quick relief from diarrhea and dehydration. However, ORS does not treat the root cause of the issues. The infographic below describes the maintenance therapy with ORS for babies with the symptoms of dehydration.

correct administration of ors in babies and toddlers (infographic)

Illustration: Momjunction Design Team

Key Pointers

  • ORS helps replenish the body fluids and salts lost from vomiting and diarrhea, thereby preventing dehydration.
  • Dark yellow smelly urine, no tears while crying, chapped lips, sunken eyes, etc., are some signs of dehydration in babies.
  • The quantity of ORS a child needs depends on their age and the severity of dehydration.
ors for babies_illustration

Image: Stable Diffusion/MomJunction Design Team


Learn how oral rehydration therapy can help your child regain the lost fluids. Get the facts on this simple, effective treatment in this video.

References

MomJunction's articles are written after analyzing the research works of expert authors and institutions. Our references consist of resources established by authorities in their respective fields. You can learn more about the authenticity of the information we present in our editorial policy.

1. Signs of Dehydration in Infants & Children; AAP
2. Oral Rehydration Salts: The Salts of Life; The Mother And Child Education Trust
3. Oral rehydration therapy; About Kids Health
4. Oral Rehydration Salts – Frequently Asked Questions; The Mother And Child Education Trust
5. Diarrhoea: Facts For Life
6. Oral Rehydration Solutions: Made at Home; The Mother And Child Education Trust
7. Oral rehydration salts; Medicines For Children
8. Solutions: The most effective, least expensive way to manage diarrhoeal dehydration; The Mother And Child Education Trust
9. Dehydration: Giving Liquids at Home; Nationwide Children’s Hospital
10. Guideline: updates on the management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children; World Health Organization
11. Dehydration and diarrhea; Paediatrics & child health

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Dr. Elna Gibson
Dr. Elna GibsonMBChB, MMed, Paeds
Dr. Elna Gibson is a general pediatrician. She did her MBChB and specialization as a pediatrician in South Africa at the University of Pretoria. She obtained MMed Pediatrics (masters) with distinction in 1993.As a young specialist, Dr.

Read full bio of Dr. Elna Gibson
  • Dr. Kristen Cook
    Dr. Kristen CookMD Dr. Kristen Cook is a board-certified pediatrician with a medical practice in Southeastern Wisconsin. She attended the Creighton Medical School in Omaha, Nebraska, and completed a three-year pediatric residency at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. She has been in clinical practice at Ascension All Saints since 2010.
    Dr. Kristen Cook is a board-certified pediatrician with a medical practice in Southeastern Wisconsin. She attended the Creighton Medical School in Omaha, Nebraska, and completed a three-year pediatric residency at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. She has been in clinical practice at Ascension All Saints since 2010.
Swati Patwal
Swati PatwalM.Sc. (Food & Nutrition), MBA
Swati Patwal is a clinical nutritionist, a Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE) and a toddler mom with more than a decade of experience in diverse fields of nutrition. She started her career as a CSR project coordinator for a healthy eating and active lifestyle project catering to school children.

Read full bio of Swati Patwal
Rohit Garoo
Rohit GarooBSc, MBA
Rohit Garoo is a writer-turned-editor with over 9 years of experience in content writing, editing, and content marketing. He did his bachelors in Science at St. Xavier's College, Hyderabad, and masters in Business Administration at Osmania University.

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Ghazia Shah
Ghazia ShahMSc, MA, BEd
Ghazia is a scientist-turned-writer with three years of research experience in Cancer Biology. She did her masters degree in Biotechnology at the University of Kashmir and bachelors in Education at the same university. Ghazia then delved deeper into the science of language with a masters in English.

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