Silvie Name Meaning, Origin, History, And Popularity
Symbolic of nature and mysticism.
Jayshree Dhamani has been an astrologer, numerologist, and Vastu, Fengshui, tarot cards & graphology expert for about 20 years. Her area of expertise includes face-reading, palmistry, I Ching, rune casting, and crystal gazing. Jayshree did her master’s degree in astrology and vastu from Potti Sri Ramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, India and PhD in Vedanga Jyotisha-Jyotish Vaidyam from Yoga-Samskrutham University, Florida, US.
Read full bio of Jayshree Dhamani
Expertise: Numerology, Tarot reading, AstrologyExperience: 3 yearsTanya Raheja is an astrologer, numerologist, and tarot reader with three years of experience. She holds online webinars and courses on occult. She also offers consultation on issues pertaining to love life, marriage, career, business, and health issues.
Read full bio of Tanya Raheja
Expertise: Psychology and RelationshipsExperience: 2 yearsBenidamika holds a masters degree in Counseling Psychology from Assam Don Bosco University and another masters degree in English Literature from North Eastern Hill University. At MomJunction, Benidamika writes on human psychology and relationships.
Read full bio of Benidamika J Latam
Expertise: Love, Marriage, RelationshipsExperience: 4.5 yearsAkshay is an associate editor and former journalist with more than four years of experience. A post graduate in Mass Communication and Journalism, he has strong professional and academic background in the field of content writing and editing.
Read full bio of Akshay Nair
Expertise: Baby NamesExperience: 2 yearsAngela is an honors student with a master's degree in Linguistics from The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad. She graduated with a bachelor’s degree in History from St. Stephen’s College, Delhi. Her combined interest in history and the science of language has taught her the skills to understand how language and its use have changed over time.
Read full bio of Angela Alex
MomJunction believes in providing reliable, research-backed information to you. As per our strong editorial policy requirements, we base our health articles on references (citations) taken from authority sites, international journals, and research studies. However, if you find any incongruencies, feel free to write to us.
In This Article
- ❯Origin, Meaning, And History Of Silvie
- ❯How To Pronounce Silvie?
- ❯‘Silvie’ In QR Code
- ❯Silvie On The US Popularity Chart
- ❯Popularity Over Time
- ❯Rank Over Time
- ❯Silvie Name's Presence On Social Media
- ❯Silvie’s Mention In Fictional Works
- ❯Names With Similar Sound As Silvie
- ❯Popular Sibling Names For Silvie
- ❯Other Popular Names Beginning With S
- ❯Names With Similar Meaning As Silvie
- ❯Names Rhyming With Silvie
- ❯Popular Songs On The Name Silvie
- ❯Acrostic Poem On Silvie
- ❯Adorable Nicknames For Silvie
- ❯Silvie’s Zodiac Sign As Per Western Astrology
- ❯Silvie’s Zodiac Sign And Birth Star As Per Vedic Astrology
- ❯Silvie Personality Traits As Per Numerology
- ❯Infographic: Know The Name Silvie's Personality As Per Numerology
- ❯Silvie In Different Languages
- ❯Silvie In Fancy Fonts
- ❯Adorable ‘Silvie’ Wallpapers To Share
- ❯How To Communicate The Name Silvie In Sign Languages
- ❯Name Numerology For Silvie
- ❯Baby Name Lists Containing Silvie
- ❯Frequently Asked Questions
- ❯Look Up For Many More Names
- ❯Phonemic Representation Of Silvie
- Community Experiences
Origin, Meaning, And History Of Silvie
The feminine name Silvie has a rich history and origin, with a meaning that resonates across cultures. Like its more popular variant Sylvie, the name is the French form of the Latin name Sylvia or Silvia. It has its roots in ancient Rome and is associated with various legends and traditions.
The name Silvie traces its origins back to the Latin word for ‘forest,’ silva, thus taking on this meaning. Silvie originates from popular Latin names Sylvia and Silvia, which have been greatly inspired by Roman mythology. In Roman mythology, Silvia, the goddess of the forest, is often depicted as a nymph or a woodland spirit, embodying the ethereal beauty and tranquility found within the depths of the woods.
The name Silvia, and eventually its variants, including Silvie, came to be in the English-speaking world thanks to William Shakespeare, the timeless wordsmith who shaped the English language. William Shakespeare introduced the character of Silvia to England, making her the protagonist of his comedy titled The Two Gentlemen of Verona. The play inspired American artist Edwin Austin Abbey to title one of his works, “Who is Silvia? What is she, that all our swains commend her?” a line from the play. (1)
This inspired name has several variations, including Sylvie, Sylvi, Silvi, and Sylva, and is pronounced ‘SIL-vi-yeh.’ Silvie has yet to make its big debut in popular culture.
Whether rooted in the ancient forests of Roman mythology or celebrated as a modern name of elegance and charm, Silvie is a timeless choice that carries a sense of grace and harmony, making it a cherished name for future generations.
Silvie
How To Pronounce Silvie?
The way you pronounce a name can make all the difference.
Listen to the sound of the name Silvie in English.
‘Silvie’ In QR Code
Here’s a unique feature for the modern, tech-savvy, and curious parents – have your baby’s name in a QR code. If you want your close circle to know your newborn’s name, all you need to do is simply scan and share it. The code not only shows the name but its meaning as well; this means you don’t have to painfully explain the meaning of your baby’s name anymore! So, go ahead. Download, save, and share it with your family and friends, or use it to create personalized keepsakes for your little one.
Silvie On The US Popularity Chart
Silvie’s popularity has seen a significant rise in recent times. Take a look at the following graphs for a comprehensive overview.
Popularity Over Time
There have been some fluctuations in Silvie’s popularity. Since its decline in popularity in 2019, the name experienced a gradual increase in popularity, with 14 babies per million donning the name in 2021.
Source: Social Security AdministrationRank Over Time
Silvie achieved its lifetime best rank of 7,929 in 2021. Study the graph to learn more about the name’s performance in previous years.
Source: Social Security AdministrationSilvie Name’s Presence On Social Media
Before you finalize your baby’s name, you would want to assess if the name is rare or popular. Digital footprint of the name - it’s presence on the internet and social media platforms - can provide you with valuable insights on it’s popularity. A name’s online presence is an important metric for new parents to evaluate their options and make an informed choice. How many people are searching the name on Google, how many profiles are there on Facebook, does the name have a Wikipedia page? Such information surely tells you if the name is ubiquitous or unique. Here is how Silvie fares on that count.
Number of profiles on Facebook
Monthly global searches on Google
Silvie’s Mention In Fictional Works
In this section, know how the creative minds have treated the name Silvie in their fictional works. How often has the name been woven into the storylines, and how popular was the character – these details may not directly influence your naming decision, but you would like to know about Silvie’s performance in the world of entertainment, won’t you? Moreover, it could be the name of the character from a movie or series you loved or binge-watched recently! So, check out Silvie’s performance in the fictional cosmos.
| Title | Character name | Role played by |
|---|---|---|
| Kommissarin Heller | Silvie Verhoeven | Nina Kronjäger |
| Via Mala | Silvie Lauretz | Maruschka Detmers |
| Las Iguanas | Esposo Silvie | Andrés Suárez |
| Las Iguanas | Silvie | Silvia Santamaría |
Names With Similar Sound As Silvie
If you like the sound of Silvie, explore other names that sound similar in the list below.
Popular Sibling Names For Silvie
If you are looking for some matching sibling names that resonate with Silvie, check our suggestions here.
Boy Sibling Names For Silvie
Find matching brother names for Silvie and create a wonderful team of siblings.
CealfaGirl Sibling Names For Silvie
Looking for some suitable sister names for Silvie? Check out our collection of beautiful and unique names.
SalvaOther Popular Names Beginning With S
Looking for more baby names starting with the letter S to resonate with your family’s naming tradition or to rhyme with the sibling names? Find a range of alternative names starting with this letter.
Names With Similar Meaning As Silvie
Do you want to explore more names that have similar meanings as Silvie? Find some noteworthy options here.
Names Rhyming With Silvie
The significance of rhyming names extends beyond their aesthetic appeal and a good feel. The repetition and symmetry enhance their memorability. If you want your children’s names to be easily remembered or tune with your name, try some rhyming names. Here are such names that rhyme with Silvie.
Popular Songs On The Name Silvie
Acrostic Poem On Silvie
Dive into the lyrical charm of the name Silvie with this acrostic poem. Witness how each letter paints together a story, capturing the name’s individuality, strength, vitality, and sophistication. Inspiring, is it? Why not try a similar poem that describes what you think of your baby’s personality?
Sunny and cheerful, making the atmosphere delightful.
Infectious laughter illuminating hearts with humor.
Lifting the dark clouds in our life, our little sunshine.
Voyaging through life with grit and determination.
In the quiet of the night, you are a burst of starlight.
Ethereal beauty, one in nature’s symphony.
Adorable Nicknames For Silvie
Nicknames are an integral part of your communication with your baby. You tend to use several variations of your child’s name; some are meaningful, while others are simply adorable sounds. Here are a few nicknames you can begin with for the name Silvie.
- Sil
- Vee
- Lee
- Liv
- Vie
Silvie’s Zodiac Sign As Per Western Astrology
Western astrology includes the construction of a horoscope based on the person’s exact time of birth and location to understand the positions of the planet, stars, and zodiac signs at that time. However, in popular culture, it is often narrowed down to the sun sign, which depends on the person’s birth date.There are 12 zodiac signs, each having dominant traits, planetary rulers, elemental connection, and more.
Zodiac sign or Sun sign
The Earth’s orbit around the sun is divided into 12 zodiac signs covering 30-degree sectors. According to Western astrology, the zodiac or sun sign depends on the sun’s position in one of these sectors at the time of your birth. Starting from the sun’s position at the March equinox, the chart goes anti-clockwise from Aries, followed by Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. These signs are ruled by planetary bodies - Mars, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Sun, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Furthermore, they are categorized into triplicities or elemental signs - fire, water, air, and earth - that govern their characteristics. Each of these zodiac signs features certain personality traits that may determine how a person presents themselves.
Why the date of birth matters
Each zodiac sign in Western astrology is linked to a specific range of dates in the year. Unlike Vedic astrology, where names can sometimes be used to infer astrological details, Western astrology relies entirely on the birth date.
To know more about your baby’s zodiac sign, choose the period in which your baby’s date of birth falls, from the options given below. This will give you a glimpse into the world of astrology tailored for your baby.
Select your baby’s birthdate range
Mar 21 – Apr 19
Apr 20 – May 20
May 21 – Jun 20
Jun 21 – Jul 22
Jul 23 – Aug 22
Aug 23 – Sep 22
Sep 23 – Oct 22
Oct 23 – Nov 21
Nov 22 – Dec 21
Dec 22 – Jan 19
Jan 20 – Feb 18
Feb 19 – Mar 20
Silvie’s Zodiac Sign And Birth Star As Per Vedic Astrology
Vedic astrology, also called Jyotisha, provides deep insights into a person’s life based on celestial positions at birth. Rashi and nakshatra, which are an integral part of Jyotisha, are believed to influence an individual’s personality and life events. The following sections give you rashi-related information, such as the associated letters, elements, ruling body, quality, and nakshatra for the name Silvie. These details help analyze a person’s characteristics, personality, and behavior.
Zodiac Sign (Rashi)
As shown in the following table, each rashi is associated with specific sounds, which are often used as the starting letters of names for newborns in Hindu families. Each rashi is represented by a figure and one of the five elements – Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Ether (Space). One ruling celestial body, known as its 'rashi lord' or 'ruler' is assigned to these rashis. These bodies include Venus, Mars, Sun, Moon, Mercury, Jupiter, and Saturn. Furthermore, the rashis are assigned various qualities or gunas.
| Rashi (zodiac sign) | Kumbha (Aquarius) |
|---|---|
| Starting letters for Kumbha (Aquarius) rashi | G, S, SH |
| Representation | Water-bearer |
| Element | Air |
| Ruling body | Saturn |
| Quality | Fixed |
Birth Star (Nakshatra)
Another important aspect of Vedic Astrology is the nakshatras, the lunar constellations or star clusters that the Moon occupies during a person's birth. There are 27 nakshatras, each with its own unique qualities, attributes, and symbolism. Each rashi contains two-and-one-fourth nakshatras in it. For example, Aries contains Ashwini, Bharani, and Krithika nakshatras.
The below table provides information on the nakshatras’ degrees on the zodiac circle, their lords and related syllables, for babies born in the Kumbha (Aquarius) rashi. These syllables/phonetics are popularly used to choose the baby name. For precise nakshatra calculation based on your baby's birthplace and date, use our Nakshatra Calculator.
| Nakshatra | Degrees Of The Nakshatra | Nakshatra Lord (Ruler) | Name Syllables |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhanishta (Avittam) | Aquarius (0 to 6.40 degrees) | Mars | Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Gee |
| Satabhisha (Shatabhisham, Chathayam) | Aquarius (6.40 to 20 degrees) | Rahu | Go, Sa, Saa, Si, Su, Soo, See, Gau |
| Poorvabhadrapada (Purvabhadra, Pururuttathy) | Aquarius (20 to 30 degrees) | Jupiter | Se, So, Dha, Dhi, Di, Da, Daa, Dee |
Silvie Personality Traits As Per Numerology
The numerology belief system envisages a relationship between a name and numbers. The related numbers are believed to give insights into a person’s character. We have researched this area to connect the numerology-based characteristic traits to the letters of the English alphabet. And the results are fascinating.
Numerology followers believe that each letter signifies attributes that can influence a person’s attitude and approach. Among these placements, the most significant are the first letter (Cornerstone) and the last letter (Capstone) of a name. Cornerstone highlights your primary personality traits and explains how you face challenges and opportunities in life. Capstone can tell you about your approach to work and how you complete them. Often, a letter may be repeated twice or more in a name. This repetition signifies the intensification or amplification of the traits associated with the letter in an individual’s personality.
Read to know what characteristics the name Silvie is known for in numerology. Here we have avoided repetition of letters and added them just once for a better reading experience.
SYou are charming, charismatic, and emotional. You have a magnetic presence, but you can sometimes be pretty intense..
IYou are ambitious, brave, and independent. You tend to be dominating and seek power and status.
LYou are talented, expressive, and imaginative. You have a magnetic personality and enjoy artistic pursuits.
VYou are sincere, responsible, and caring. You enjoy domesticity and humanitarian work.
EYou often rush to finish your work. You also prefer working alone and being in charge.
Infographic: Know The Name Silvie‘s Personality As Per Numerology
Illustration: Momjunction Design Team
Silvie In Different Languages
It’s exciting to see our baby’s name spelled and written in various languages. See how people spell Silvie in Spanish, French, German, Italian, and more! Each language has its own way of saying Silvie, but it’s still the same special name. Learn how the name looks and sounds in different languages around the world!
| Name | Language | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Silvie | English | en |
| 西尔维 | Chinese | zh-CN |
| सिल्वी | Hindi | hi |
| Silvie | Spanish | es |
| Silvie | French | fr |
| سيلفي | Arabic | ar |
| সিলভি | Bengali | bn |
| Silvie | Portuguese | pt |
| Сильви | Russian | ru |
| سلوی | Urdu | ur |
| Silvie | Indonesian | id |
| Silvie | German | de |
| シルビー | Japanese | ja |
| सिल्वी | Marathi | mr |
| సిల్వీ | Telugu | te |
| Silvie | Turkish | tr |
| சில்வி | Tamil | ta |
| Silvie | Vietnamese | vi |
| Silvie | Tagalog | tl |
| 실비 | Korean | ko |
| Silvie | Hausa | ha |
| Silvie | Swahili | sw |
| Silvie | Javanese | jv |
| Silvie | Italian | it |
| ਸਿਲਵੀ | Punjabi | pa |
| સિલ્વી | Gujarati | gu |
| ซิลวี่ | Thai | th |
| ಸಿಲ್ವಿ | Kannada | kn |
| ሲልቪ | Amharic | am |
| सिल्वी | Bhojpuri | bho |
| Silvie | Yoruba | yo |
Silvie In Fancy Fonts
Visualize your little one’s name in different captivating fonts. You can use these fancy styles on birth announcement cards, nursery decorations, personalized gifts, to name a few. Select the perfect font from these options for a touch of personalization.
- Double Struck Font𝕊 𝕚 𝕝 𝕧 𝕚 𝕖
- Bold Script Font𝓢 𝓲 𝓵 𝓿 𝓲 𝓮
- Fancy Style 35 Fontš ï ﾚ ∀ ï ε
- Fancy Style 7 FontŞ Ɨ Ł V Ɨ €
- Love FontS♥ i♥ l♥ v♥ i♥ e♥
- Black Square Font🆂 🅸 🅻 🆅 🅸 🅴
- Hand Writing 2 FontS ι ʅ ʋ ι ҽ
- X Above Bellow FontS͓̽ i͓̽ l͓̽ v͓̽ i͓̽ e͓̽
Liked our fancy fonts for Silvie? Why not go a step forward with these beautiful posters? They are perfect to download and use as display pictures or social media posts! You may also use them as part of decorating your child’s room. These personalized wallpapers celebrate the positive vibes of the name, offering a unique way to show how much this name means to you. What’s more! You have multiple options here to choose depending on your mood or occasion.
Silvie 3D Wallpaper
DownloadSilvie Birthday Wallpaper
Download"I Love Silvie" Wallpaper
Download"Stylish Silvie" Wallpaper
Download"Silvie Name Initial Wallpaper"
DownloadHow To Communicate The Name Silvie In Sign Languages
In Nautical Flags
Silvie
In Sign Language
Silvie
In Braille Alphabet
Silvie
In Morse Code
Silvie
In Barcode
In Binary
01010011 01101001 01101100 01110110 01101001 01100101
Name Numerology For Silvie
Numerology is an occult system that gives significance to numbers and their influence on human life and destiny. Numerologists attribute specific qualities, energies, and characteristics to a number. Parents who believe in numerology prefer to choose baby names that resonate positively with the child’s unique numerical vibrations, often derived from their date of birth. Here we give a general birth number and personality traits of the name Silvie, based on the Pythagorean (Western) system. This analysis will differ from child to child based on their date of birth. You may use our numerology calculator for more personalized information.
The name you give a child at birth is like their numerological DNA - it is a blueprint of who they are, their talents and character traits, their likes and dislikes, and much more. So choose carefully and, if possible, consider an ancestral name, especially one that belonged to an ancestor who did well and lived a good life. But consult a numerologist for more insight and perhaps a little fine-tuning by changing a letter or adding a middle name.
Destiny Number
You have a great potential for managerial work. You can take great responsibilities and fulfill them with precision. Your family life may not be smooth, which makes you restless and impatient.
Personality Number
You appear strong, powerful and confident. You would love to push yourself to reach higher goals. Others see you as someone with a good business sense. On the other side, you are egocentric and can be ruthless.
Soul Number
You are versatile, adaptable, and have a natural enthusiasm. Attracted towards fast-paced and unusual life. You always urge to travel distances and thrive on the variety of experiences.
Baby Name Lists Containing Silvie
Read through our baby name lists that include the name Silvie and several other similar names. The wider the choice, the better your selection. Isn't it?
- Baby Girl Names With Meanings›
- Baby Girl Names That Start With Letter S›
- Czech Baby Names With Meanings›
- Czech Baby Names Starting With Letter S›
- Czech Baby Girl Names, Starting With Letter S›
- Latin Baby Names With Meanings›
- Latin Baby Names Starting With Letter S›
- Latin Baby Girl Names, Starting With Letter S›
- Christianity Baby Names With Meanings›
- Christianity Baby Names Starting With Letter S›
- Christianity Baby Girl Names, Starting With Letter S›
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the meaning of the name Silvie?
The name Silvie means forest.
2. What is the origin of the name Silvie?
Silvie has French and Latin origins.
3. Is Silvie a popular or a rare baby name?
Silvie, while not among the top 1000 names for any birth year since the early 20th century. Therefore, Silvie can be considered a unique name and may be a good pick for parents looking for unconventional names. Naming trends vary over time, reflecting individual choices and cultural shifts (2).
4. Are there any specific personality traits or characteristics commonly associated with individuals named Silvie?
People named Silvie have a personality number eight and usually have a lot of confidence and are determined to reach their goals. They are good at business and can adapt to different situations easily. Some people might think they are selfish and sometimes ruthless. They like exciting and unusual things and are always eager to try new experiences.
5. What is a nickname for Silvie?
Silvie could have the nickname ‘Sill’ or ‘Vie-Vie.’ Nicknames are often unique and special to each person. You can make up your own nicknames that match their personality and what they like.
6. Is Silvia a rare name?
Silvie may be considered a rare name, considering that have not been popular enough to be ranked in the top 1000 for any year since 1900. Nevertheless, how people name their babies changes over time and can be affected by different cultures and what individuals like.
References
- “Who Is Sylvia? What Is She, That All the Swains Commend Her?”, 1896-1899; reworked 1900.
https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.177906.html - Popularity of the name Silvie.
https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/ - Astrology, Hermes (2023); Astrology for Beginners.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370635414_Astrology_for_Beginners - Shirley Lawrence; The Secret Science of Numerology: The Hidden Meaning of Numbers and Letters.
https://www.academia.edu/97492675/The_Secret_Science_of_Numerology_The_Hidden_Meaning_of_Numbers_and_Letters_Shirley_Lawrence&nav_from=a3c5c3fd-555f-4584-b66d-4a3c8023402e&rw_pos=0 - Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia; “zodiac”; Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/zodiac - P.V.R. Narasimha Rao; Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach.
https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf - Paulo Martins; A Concise History of Hindu Astrology and Indian Spirituality; Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences.
https://www.saspublishers.com/media/articles/SJAHSS_112_33-36_FT_MAEgJAB.pdf - International Phonetic Association.
https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/ - Adam Szczegielniak; Phonetics: The Sounds of Language; Harvard University.
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/adam/files/phonetics.ppt.pdf - Lalita K. Wani et al; Review of Scientific Analysis Of Sacred Sound OM (AUM); Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Novermber 2020.
https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2011207.pdf
Look Up For Many More Names
Do you have a name in mind and want to know more about it? Or want to find names belonging to a particular origin, religion, or having a specific meaning? Use our search tool below to explore more baby names with different combinations.
Phonemic Representation Of Silvie
Phonemics is the study of a language’s distinctive sound units (phonemes), as standardized by the International Phonetics Association. When choosing a name for your baby, knowing its phonemic pronunciation gives an idea about the name’s sound pattern and auditory appeal. You can assess the name’s ease of pronunciation, memorability, and softness. Here is the phonemic transcription of Silvie in American and British accents.
- In American English: /ˈsɪlvi/
- In British English: /ˈsɪlvi/
Pronunciation of names, in fact, any spoken word, involves the participation of various parts of the mouth, vocal cord, nose, and lungs. Underneath all the sounds we make is the airstream flowing from the lungs and moving up to the mouth. It’s incredible how lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, palate, glottis, and larynx work harmoniously to bring out the words. Studies have proved that positive sounds like OM (AUM) help maintain hormonal balance and mental health and reduce stress and anxiety. So, what parts does Silvie trigger? Find the details here; the sound of Silvie might bring in more positive vibes into your life!
| Phoneme | Articulation |
|---|---|
| /s/ | Raising the sides of the front of the tongue but lowering the tip. Severely obstructs the airflow and causes friction |
| /ɪ/ | Tongue high front, less spread lips. Airflow is continuous |
| /l/ | Raising the tongue tip while keeping the rest of the tongue down. Causes some obstruction of the airstream in the mouth |
| /v/ | Touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth. Severely obstructs the airflow and causes friction |
| /i/ | Tongue high front, spread lips. Airflow is continuous |
Community Experiences
Join the conversation and become a part of our nurturing community! Share your stories, experiences, and insights to connect with fellow parents.
Read full bio of Jayshree Dhamani
Read full bio of Benidamika J Latam
Read full bio of Akshay Nair
Read full bio of Angela Alex
