MBChB, MMed, FC Paeds
Dr. Wayne Hough is a pediatrician with around six years of experience in the field. He is currently based in the Northern Suburbs of Cape Town in South Africa. Dr. Hough got his medical degree from the University of Stellenbosch. He then worked at the Tygerberg Children's Hospital before completing his pediatric training and qualification from the South African College of Medicine.
Dr. Hough also holds a MMed degree in pediatrics from the University of Stellenbosch. He is a registered member of the South African Medical Association and The Paediatric Management Group of South Africa. He does general pediatric and neonatal work in the private medical sector and has a keen interest in lifestyle, sports and exercise medicine in childhood.
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Piercing the ears of babies is a prevalent practice in many cultures worldwide. In certain cultures, the ears of boys are also pierced when they are still babies. However, as a parent, you may be unsure if ear piercing is safe for babies or when to pierce baby ears. Since the practice is painful, parents…
Moral development in childhood may be considered one of the central aspects of socialization. It is a process through which children learn to differentiate the wrong from the right based on society's social and cultural laws and norms. Parents and teachers play an important role in teaching morals to children. Teaching morals at a young…
Parents commonly use nasal sprays for kids to help them when they are congested and experience a blocked nose. Nasal sprays are available as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs at pharmacies. Although nasal sprays are available OTC, it is important to know their safety, including the dosage and types, according to the child’s age and general health.…
When do babies stand can be a common query among parents and caregivers since they want to know if there is any delay. Motor skills including the ability to ambulate have a key role in development, and it allows independent movements in infants.Crawling, rolling, standing, walking, running, and jumping are common motor skills, and a…
Duodenal and stomach ulcers in children are rare, and the signs and symptoms can be nonspecific. These are also called peptic ulcers that can occur in the mucosa, the inner lining of the stomach and intestines. Ulcer diets and OTC medications may not heal the ulcers since they can be caused by infection of H.…
Cellulite in teens is not a medical concern and requires no medical treatments. Although it is harmless, a lumpy or dimpled or orange-peel appearance of the skin can be an aesthetic concern for many people. You may notice this skin changes commonly on the abdomen, hips, buttocks, and thighs. Nearly 80 to 90 percent of…
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection. The appearance of measles in babies can be stressful for both the parents and the baby. The common symptoms of measles include fever and rashes and bumps in the body. As there’s no specific treatment for measles, the virus needs to run its course before the symptoms and…
Adenoids in children are lymphatic tissues located at the back of the nose and throat (nasal passage). They are a part of the immune system and protect the body from the harmful pathogens (bacteria and viruses) that a child may inhale or swallow with air, food, and water. The main responsibility of the adenoids is…
The shaken baby syndrome is a kind of brain injury that happens due to violently shaking an infant. Babies cry very frequently, and at times, this continuous crying might get on a caretaker's nerves. They might end up shaking the baby vigorously out of frustration. Since babies have soft brains and sensitive neck muscles, vigorous…
Dandruff in kids is a common skin condition that causes tiny, white flakes to shed off from the scalp. These tiny flakes are dead cells that fall off from the uppermost layer of the skin (1). Though common in children, dandruff, also called seborrheic dermatitisiXA skin condition characterized by redness, dryness, and scaly patches on…
A sore throat in babies and other people could suggest a cold or other illness. It is typically the first symptom of a throat infection. However, because babies cannot articulate their problems, parents may not be able to detect the condition right away. One indicator to check for the symptom is if your baby refuses…
Lazy eye is an eye disorder that arises when one eye becomes weaker than the other. Lazy eye (amblyopia) in children may result in decreased vision in the weaker eye (1). This condition affects around 3% of children and is the most common reason for vision loss (2). However, early detection and appropriate treatment could…
Obesity in teens is a complex metabolic health problem that could be caused by a combination of factors. Generally, the condition isn’t life-threatening, but it can give rise to several chronic health risks, such as hypertension and type-2 diabetesi, in the long run. Over time, these chronic health problems may affect growth, development, and overall…
It is adorable to watch a baby sleep in a swing, but you may wonder why experts recommend cribs for babies to sleep. A baby sleeping in a swing has an increased risk for positional asphyxiation, and many experts do not recommend it. It is better to transfer a baby from a swing to a…
Back Pain in teens is a common adolescent pain. It can happen due to a pulled muscle, a sprain, carrying heavy backpacks, or bruising of the back. Back pain arising from these factors usually subsides in a few weeks without any medical intervention. However, persistent back pain combined with some other symptoms may indicate underlying…
Any swelling or inflammation to the areas surrounding the eye may lead to swollen eyelids in children. In addition, various factors such as infections, allergies, and injuries could cause swelling in the eyes or eyelids of your child. Some conditions lead to swelling in one eye, while others may cause swelling in both eyes. It…
You notice blistersiXA painful swelling on the skin, filled with a clear, watery liquid in your baby's mouth, and eventually, rashes on the palms and soles of the feet. These could be signs of hand, foot, and mouth disease in babies. Though mostly mild, it is a common infection that causes inflammation and characteristic rashes…
Blocked tear ducts and allergies are a common cause of epiphora or watery eyes in children. Tears fill the eyes and drain onto the face when the ducts are blocked. Although it looks like weeping, there won't be an emotional trigger for these tears. Watery eyes can be self-resolving in many children without any interventions…
Dehydration in toddlers is a common condition seen during the summers or episodes of infections. There could be plenty of fluid loss in a child due to profuse sweating or conditions like vomiting or diarrhea. However, dehydration can be easily prevented and also managed by parents with simple measures at home. Keep reading as we…
Nothing makes you happier than seeing your baby reach the developmental milestones healthily. If you look at your 8-month-old's development, you'll see that your baby has become more active. They are fascinated by everything and often crawl to explore the house. Even if they address the incorrect parents, they may say "mama" and "dada," bringing…
Urinary tract infection generally refers to a bacterial infection in the urinary tract and associated structures such as the urinary bladder, urethra, or kidneys. Urinary tract infections in teens may result in pain and discomfort if it involves only the lower urinary tract (urinary bladder and urethra). On the other hand, upper urinary tract infections…
The pediatric version of Motrin for children is used to treat pain and fever. It is an over-the-counter pain relief medicine that contains Ibuprofen of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug family. The working mechanism involves the interference of prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins are a group of compounds that induce swelling and pain following an injury (1). Some…
Hydrocephalus in babies is a condition where the baby’s brain swells dramatically due to the retention of excess cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in rapid increase in head circumference. This unsettling swelling may potentially harm the brain in the long term. Surgery, followed by regular check-ups, is the only treatment for hydrocephalus in newborns. Most parents may…
Sandifer syndrome in babies is a rare gastrointestinal disorder associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and other symptoms such as abnormal head position or abnormal movements of the head, neck, and upper part of the trunk (1). These unusual neck movements may be misdiagnosed as an epileptic seizureiXHaving two or more seizures of unknown origin. .…
Moral values for kids are essential principles that children must learn from early childhood. They are like guidelines that assist a person in choosing between right from wrong or good from bad. Understanding these values is crucial for making honest, credible, and fair decisions in everyday life. Following moral ideals can help children develop a…
In the past few decades, the medicinal use of elderberry for kids has gained popularity. It is used to treat common ailments such as cold, indigestion, flu, etc. Elderberries are bluish-purple in color and are highly nutritious. They may be consumed in several forms, and the most common forms are jams, cordial, juice, and pie…
Hemorrhoids in babies are rare, and you may look for symptoms to identify this since babies cannot communicate what is going on in their bodies. Swollen lumps around the anus, crying during bowel movement, and bleeding may indicate hemorrhoids. Many babies with hemorrhoids may have a history of constipation and dry stools. Medical and home…
Gastrointestinal illnesses are a common cause of dehydration in teens. This is a condition when the amount of water lost from our body is more than water intake (1). Mild dehydration may not be a problem. But, severe dehydration can affect normal physiological function in our body. Diarrhea, vomiting, and excess sweating can cause water…
Gray baby syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder that is caused due to the presence of high levels of chloramphenicol in babies born prematurely. Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections such as meningitisiXThe inflammation of the meninges or membranes around the brain and spinal cord due to an…
Parents and caregivers may often examine the physical health of their babies when they nap. It can be concerning if the baby sleeps with their mouth open. Babies sleeping with open mouths may breathe through their mouths, and it is not the natural way to breathe. Occasional mouth breathing is harmless. However, frequent mouth breathing…
Newborn babies cry but don’t shed tears; this triggers a common question – when do babies get tears? The lacrimal glands or tear ducts can’t produce tears immediately after birth. Most babies only begin producing tears at around two weeks of age. Further, the tears are often just enough to keep their eyes moist and…
You are most excited to see your baby crawl for the first time. However, babies crawling backward may seem odd and raise some concerns. It turns out it is normal for some infants to first crawl backward before learning to go forward (1). It should not be considered unusual as long as they can use…
The endocrine system comprises glands in the body that secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical-signaling molecules that help the body’s complicated processes, such as metabolism and growth, to work together. They also affect how a person’s immune system works and behaves. As a result, the endocrine system regulates hormones to govern various body activities. Read on…
Eye rolling is a common phenomenon that many people do involuntarily. However, when you see a baby rolling eyes, you may feel concerned about a possible health problem. Nevertheless, most babies and infants may roll their eyes on a normal basis without any underlying causes of concern. However, you may seek medical care if your…
Norovirus in babies spreads through contaminated food, water, and surfaces, leading to severe gastroenteritis, inflammation of the intestinal walls. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), norovirus is responsible for causing about 58% of the foodborne illnesses in the US. Though it can affect people of all groups, norovirus in babies can…
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), or tonic neck reflex, is one of the primitive reflexes present in an infant. It differs from the symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR) present in later infancy stages. Several actions and responses of a newborn are reflex-based to specific stimuli. A reflex is a muscle\'s automatic reaction or response to…
Eucalyptus oil is a popular essential oil used in natural medicine to treat ailments, such as cold, cough, flu, and bronchitis (1). It is also found in several over-the-counter (OTC) products like mosquito repellents. But is eucalyptus oil safe for babies to treat or manage any of the concerns mentioned above? How much oil you…
It's incredible how a woman's body gives the fetus a home, allows it to grow, and guarantees that it receives the nutrition it needs to thrive through the baby's umbilical cord connected to the mother's placenta. The umbilical cord is disconnected at birth, leaving a stump behind on the baby's belly. This stump dries and…
Antihistamines are a class of drugs used to suppress the effects of histamineiXChemicals released by the body during an allergic reaction. in tissues to help relieve or prevent allergic symptoms and overproduction of gastric acid. Although antihistamines are available over the counter, it is recommended to seek pediatric consultation before taking them. It is not…
Swollen breasts in newborns is a common finding often noticed by parents or caregivers within a few days after birth. Slight swelling in the breast area is not a cause for concern, and this is due to the effects of increased levels of estrogeniXA sex hormone that helps develop female sexual characteristics and manages their…
Chicken Pox or varicella in children is a common infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is a highly contagious infection that can easily spread from an infected person to others through air droplets or close contact. Children and teens may develop mild symptoms more than adults. Vaccination can effectively help prevent chickenpox in…
Nat was staring at the teacher and continuously blinking her right eye. Her teacher just thought she was being silly and didn’t pay much attention. Another time, the teacher saw Nat constantly grimacing at another student. This time, she was worried as that was not normal behavior for Nat, who is usually friendly and polite…