MD
Dr. Anuradha Bansal is a highly accomplished pediatrician and neonatologist with 13 years of professional experience. Presently, she is working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at PIMS Jalandhar. She has done her MBBS and MD Pediatrics at GMCH, Chandigarh. Thereafter, she polished her skills as senior resident at MAMC, Delhi. She has also done IAP Fellowship in Neonatology at GMCH, Chandigarh and obtained the membership of the prestigious Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.She is actively involved in both inpatient and outpatient care of neonates, children and adolescents at a tertiary care hospital in Jalandhar, Punjab. She has authored chapters in textbooks of neonatology and has several national and international publications to her credit.
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Toddlers may sometimes encounter pauses in speech and some levels of disfluencies while speaking, which is a normal aspect of developing communication skills. However, stuttering in toddlers is a phenomenon that could cause concern among many parents. Also, stuttering may last for longer durations in some children and could hamper their social and interactive abilities. Continue reading this post as we tell you about the possible causes of a toddler's stuttering and ways to treat the condition. [mj-toc] What Is Stuttering? Stuttering is the disfluency of speech caused by repeated use of syllables, words, and sounds (1). Since the toddler repeats words or phrases, stuttering leads to a chronic break or interruption in speech fluency. Some subtypes of stuttering include - developmental stuttering, persistent stuttering, and acquired stuttering. Developmental stuttering is observed when a child’s brain development is not seen as expected, whereas acquired stuttering is observed when illness results in stuttering. On the other hand, persistent stuttering is a...
When a fetus starts developing, its cells are not differentiated into organs. Instead, gradually, the organs are formed through different developmental stages. In total, five phases of fetal lung development take place before the lung is matured enough to help babies breathe after birth. These five phases occur in a stepwise process at a fixed [simple_tooltip text="gestational age" tooltip="A term used to describe the stage of pregnancy after a woman’s last menstrual period" ]. Read on the post to understand the stages of fetal lung development and the important aspects associated with each of them. [mj-toc] What Is Fetal Lung Development? During the [simple_tooltip text="nascent stage" tooltip="Things or processes that are in the early stages of development" ] of development, your little one is quite little indeed, no bigger than a ball of cells. Moreover, they have no special or dedicated cells yet. Fetal lung development begins at around four weeks of the gestational age. An early differentiation stage segregates...
Did you know that your baby will answer your smile with a smile in just the second month? It takes 5 minutes to know about the surprises your baby has in store for you in their first year. Achieving milestones indicate that your baby’s growth is on the right track. However, starting with social smiling and extending to motor and cognitive developments, a baby's first year is full of exciting milestones that may bring several surprises. Achieving a stable head, rolling over, crawling, getting their first tooth, and speaking their first words are all examples of a child’s developmental milestones. As a parent, you must track such milestones to rule out disorders your baby may acquire during their growth. We have compiled a list of developmental milestones that babies should ideally achieve by the end of their first year. These are sure to help you understand what may come next and plan things.Be ready for the beautiful surprises your baby...
Silent reflux in babies is a common disorder that usually gets corrected as the baby grows older. The condition is also called laryngopharyngeal reflux or silent acid reflux. It occurs when the stomach acid flows reversely into the larynx and nasal passages. Some may consider it an extension of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which the stomach acid refluxes and irritates the esophagus. The condition is termed "silent reflux" due to not having conspicuous signs and symptoms. The regurgitated stomach contents gradually return to the stomach. Read this post where we give you the causes, signs, and treatment options available for silent reflux in babies. [mj-toc] Causes Of Silent Reflux In Babies Studies estimate that one in five children experiences a reflux disease. It is normal for babies under one year of age to have acid reflux, but if it persists beyond one year or is severe, then consult a pediatrician. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/acid-reflux-in-babies_00374408/" title="11 Common Symptoms Of Acid...
Stomach pain in infants can be due to various causes, and most cases of stomach pain in babies are self-limiting and treatable with some home remedies. However, in some rare cases, medical intervention may be required. If your infant has stomach pain a little too often, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor as it could be a problem with their diet or an underlying medical issue. Read this post as we tell you the causes and symptoms of stomach pain in babies. We also tell you about a few home remedies and preventive measures. [mj-toc] What Causes Stomach Pain In Babies? There are numerous reasons, ranging from infection to injury, for infant stomach ache. Following are some of them: 1. Stomach or intestinal infection A host of bacteria and viruses could cause bowel problems which could in turn lead to stomach pain, but here the most likely ones: Rotavirus: It is the leading cause of intestinal...
Heat rashes in children may be of many types and cause skin irritation. Thankfully, it is not considered a serious condition. These rashes usually affect the skin in the body parts that remain sweaty for a long duration. They are self-limiting and get resolved in a few days (1). Continue reading this post as we tell you about the various types of heat rashes, the causes of heat rashes in children, their symptoms, and some home care tips for managing and preventing such rashes. [mj-toc] Types And Symptoms Of Heat Rashes 1. Miliaria rubra This appears as pinkish or red bumps without any pus. These are a few millimeters in size and appear as blisters. The bumps or hives appear on the fold of the neck, forehead, and creases of the elbow and knee. They also appear in the armpits and groin areas (2). These tend to go away after a few days when the body temperature comes to normal....
Peaceful sleep is paramount for the overall well-being of a toddler. As a parent, you may be concerned about your toddler waking up at night. However, it is a common phenomenon observed by most parents. While most toddlers have uninterrupted sleep, some might wake up frequently or have trouble falling asleep. Not having sufficient sleep could make your child constantly feel tired and irritable, bringing about exhaustion and difficult situations for you. Whether your toddler has been waking up at night for quite some time or has just begun doing so, being aware of the possible reasons can help handle the situation better. [mj-toc] Possible Causes For A Toddler To Wake Up In The Night Toddlers usually have a well-regulated sleep-wake cycle when compared to babies. However, the following reasons could make a toddler wake up at night (1) (2). Feeding: Just like babies, several toddlers tend to wake up in the night for a feed. Although this phenomenon is...
Flat head syndrome in babies is characterized by an abnormal flattening of the baby’s skull, and usually, it is one sided. This condition is a cause for concern among parents as they fear it may cause permanent deformity. Keep reading this post as we tell you more about the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention of flat head syndrome in newborns. [mj-toc] What Is A Flat Head Syndrome? Flat head syndrome, also called plagiocephaly, is a developmental condition where one part of the baby’s soft skull flattens, giving an abnormal shape to the head (1). Either the back or the sides of the skull can become flat, and the location determines the type of flat head syndrome that the baby has. Types Of Flat Head Syndrome A flat head syndrome can be (2): Plagiocephaly, a term generally used for the flat head syndrome, although it refers to a head flattened only on the sides. [caption id="attachment_457826" align="aligncenter" width="720"]...
Dog bites in children are common as they are often not careful to stay away from an aggressive or confused dog. They may try to get close and play with the animal, but the dog could attack to defend its puppies or out of fear. You need to teach your child how to deal with dogs, even a pet. Read this post to know what to do if a child is bitten by a dog, the right time to seek medical assistance, and preventive measures. [mj-toc] What To Do After A Dog Bite? First aid for dog bites In younger children, dogs mostly attack their legs, which are easily reachable. Give first aid based on how severe the wound is: Minor wounds: Wash the wound carefully with water and soap. Apply some antibiotic cream to avoid any infection (1). Deep wounds: If the dog has bitten on the skin, causing [simple_tooltip text="perforation" tooltip="Formation of tiny holes in the body, often...
Regularly consumed, the effects of energy drinks on teenagers can be dangerous. While many claim to be all-natural, they aren’t. Energy drinks are loaded with caffeine and sugar, which can negatively affect health in the long run (1). Without thorough research, it’s impossible to decide if it’s safe for teens to consume energy drinks daily, before or after playing a sport or an activity, or better sports performance. So, instead of making it a habit to intake energy drinks that appear on the store shelves, parents need to swap them with homemade beverages with natural ingredients known to boost energy and keep the sugar levels stable. To help you understand the side-effects of energy drinks on teenagers, we have put together some information below. Read on to find more. [mj-toc] Types Of Energy Drinks Energy drinks could be of two types: Drinks that come in containers, similar to soft drink Energy shots that come in small containers In both the...
Ginger is a common kitchen herb popular for its flavor and medicinal properties. Its use is prevalent to treat and manage ailments, such as cough, nausea, and gastric issues in adults. However, using ginger for babies needs caution as it can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as heartburn and gas in sensitive babies. Thus, knowing the right age and age-appropriate ways to feed ginger to babies is essential. Keep reading to learn more about the safety of ginger, its possible health benefits, and ways to feed this herb to babies. [mj-toc] Ginger And Its Nutritional Value [caption id="attachment_887907" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Ginger is classified as an herb and is the most commonly consumed dietary condiment in the world (1). The rhizome is used in the culinary, drug, and cosmetics industries. One hundred grams of ginger root contains the following nutrients. Nutrients Amount Water 78.89g Fiber 2g Calcium 16mg Magnesium 43mg Phosphorous 34mg Potassium 415mg Choline 28.8mg Phytosterols 15mg Source: USDA...
Mosquito bites in toddlers are common, and the itching annoyance these bites cause can irritate your toddler significantly. These bites may sometimes cause severe infections, such as malaria, [simple_tooltip text="dengue fever" tooltip="A mosquito-borne viral disease that causes a high fever and acute pain in the joints." ], and [simple_tooltip text="West Nile Encephalitis" tooltip="An infectious disease characterized by brain inflammation caused by the West Nile Virus." ] (1). Additionally, scratching the irritating bites might result in boils, scarring, and [simple_tooltip text="scabbing" tooltip="The dried crusty surface of a healing skin wound." ]. Therefore, prevention is the best approach, and you must take precautions to keep your toddler safe from mosquito bites. This post explains all you need to know about mosquito bites, including recognizing them in toddlers and steps to protect them. [mj-toc] 9 Ways To Protect Your Toddler From Mosquito Bites You need to protect your toddler from mosquito bites. Here is what you can do (2) (3): 1. Use protective...
As babies grow, you need to keep adapting to their development. For example, at two months, babies may start responding to sounds, recognize voices, seem interested in their hands and feet, try to grab objects, and make cooing or gurgling sounds. These adorable developmental milestones may want you to know more about effective ways of 2 months baby care to ensure their safety and all-round growth. In addition, babies usually need to be fed more frequently, sleep longer, and cry more at this age. Therefore, you need to identify these growth phases and avoid being extra worried for your little one. In this post, we share a list of useful tips to help you take good care of your 2-month-old. 2 Month Baby Care Tips 1. Fulfill Increased Feeding Requirements: [caption id="attachment_890245" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Your two-month-old baby may exhibit increasing signs of appetite and demand feedings often. Usually, infants cry when they are hungry. Try to identify their...
Children aged six to 17 years are recommended a minimum of 60 minutes of physical exercise daily. This target can be achieved by doing simple exercises for kids at home, contrary to the belief that only complex exercises or strenuous outdoor sports are helpful. Children are increasingly getting used to a sedentary lifestyle, which is detrimental to their physical and psychological development. Physical activity and fitness are important at all ages but very important for overall growth during childhood. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, regular exercise helps develop stronger bones, greater muscle strength, improved energy levels, flexibility, and better concentration in academics (1) (2). Read this post to learn some easy yet effective exercises that your child can practice at home. [mj-toc] 15 Fun Exercises For Kids To Do At Home Aerobic Exercises Aerobic exercises are physical exercises that increase the heart rate by increasing the oxygen consumption of an individual. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...
Pinworms in kids are very common. Pinworm infestation in kids is characterized by a constant anal itch and resulting irritation or restlessness. The parasitic infection usually happens due to poor oral hygiene and inadequate cleanliness. Pinworms in children can be treated with oral and topical medicines. Read this post to learn about the causes, symptoms, home remedies, and prevention of pinworm infection in children. [mj-toc] What is a pinworm infection? Pinworm infection develops in the intestine of young children and is mostly found in kids aged between five and ten years. Pinworms are very tiny but can be seen with a naked eye. They live inside the colon of a human body and multiply when the female worms lay eggs during the night. Therefore, the itchiness is the highest during bedtime. What does a pinworm look like? [caption id="attachment_472061" align="aligncenter" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Pinworms look similar to small pieces of dental floss or white cotton thread. Hence, they are also...
If you have a newborn or toddler, you may always be concerned about their health. If you notice red rashes on your baby's chest, it might be an indication of Scarlet fever or bacterial illness. Scarlet fever in babies and toddlers can occur after having flu-like symptoms, such as a sore throat and fever. While antibiotics may readily treat the condition, you may still have questions regarding the condition, causes, and whether it is harmful or not. This post addresses all of your questions about Scarlet fever in babies, including why the condition occurs, how to recognize it, and what medications your doctor may prescribe for the treatment. You can also find some helpful hints for preventing the spread of fever rashes in babies. However, it is best to consult your doctor once you notice any symptoms in your baby and get them medically treated for the right care. [mj-toc] 1. Is scarlet fever common in infants? No. Scarlet fever...
Soy is a protein-rich legume capable of triggering allergies in babies (1). It is important to identify the symptoms of soy allergy in babies as early as possible. Soy proteins are treated as pathogens by the immune system of people with soy allergies. It releases antibodies (immunoglobulin E or IgE) to fight the allergen, leading to an allergic reaction (2). Soy should be introduced to babies only when they reach six months of age and above. You may start foods that may be possible allergens in small quantities one at a time. It helps in differentiating between the possible causes of food allergies. Keep reading the post about soy allergy symptoms, causes, and management options in babies for more information. [mj-toc] Symptoms Of Soy Allergy In Babies A baby allergic to soy can show the following symptoms on the consumption of soy products (3). Vomiting Dizziness Confusion Watery eyes [caption id="attachment_887184" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Stomach cramps Indigestion Diarrhea Wheezing...
The onset of menstruation or period might be stressful for some girls as it is associated with other painful symptoms. But how to deal with your period? This post will answer you. For most girls, period management and menstrual care are essential skills to learn to alleviate the discomforts that come with menstruation, such as nausea, weakness, severe abdominal and back pain. Further, these could lead to irritability, mood swings, lack of concentration, and fatigue. Therefore, it's crucial to educate young girls about basic menstrual health practices to help them manage their periods effectively and remove any confusion they may have. During two to seven days of regular monthly periods, a girl’s body becomes sensitive and prone to sickness as it continuously loses blood. Thus, it is important to have a healthy diet, maintain proper period hygiene, and address menstrual discomfort during these days. Read on to know more about the common issues related to the period in teens and...
A baby's skin is sensitive. Thus, you cannot use the same products for baby skin care that you use for yourself. The products you use for your baby should be chemical-free, gentle on the skin, dermatologically tested and natural. Babies, especially newborns, are still adjusting to the harsh environment. Therefore, their skin is extra sensitive and easily reacts to even the slightest discomfort. For example, they can develop a rash or breakout from irritants such as soap, shampoos, and diapers. So, extreme care needs to be taken for their skin. Since their skin is thinner and much more fragile, they are more susceptible to developing allergies within the first few months. Therefore, follow a daily skin care routine keeping their comfort and health in mind (1). Read on as we tell you about some effective and useful tips on keeping your baby's skin healthy. Baby Skin Care Do you know a human being has the best skin when he or...
Jaundice is a condition that leads to the yellowing of the skin and eyes. It is common in both babies and adults. However, newborn jaundice might cause concern in parents. Jaundice in your baby occurs mostly due to the overproduction of a pigment called bilirubin in their body (1). The increased amount of bilirubin is mainly due to the breakdown of the extra red blood cells present in the body before birth. Read about the types, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment for newborn jaundice. [mj-toc] How Serious Is Jaundice In A Newborn? Bilirubin levels in a newborn's body are usually high for the first few weeks after birth. Therefore, seeing the symptoms of jaundice are common. However, if the bilirubin levels continue to remain high or rise further even after the first few weeks, it might make the baby prone to brain damage (2). Thus, it is important to monitor your baby properly throughout this period and inform your healthcare...
Fruits and vegetable purees form the first foods for many babies. While parents want to ensure their babies get all the necessary nutrients and form healthy food habits, they may often wonder if and when to introduce fruit and vegetable juices for babies. Is it safe to give juices to babies? Moreover, juices available in the market may not be safe due to their high sugar content. So, read this post to know the ideal quantity, health benefits, possible side effects, and more about fruit juices for babies. [mj-toc] What Is Juice? The US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) labels a product as “juice” only if it is 100% juice, i.e., the pulp included. For juices made from concentrate, the label must mention that the product is reconstituted from concentrate. In general, commercial juices contain between 10-99% juice, added sweeteners, varied flavors, and fortifiers such as vitamin C or calcium. These ingredients must be listed on the label as per...
You may commonly notice a wet or dry cough in kids. Coughing is a defensive response that clears the airways of irritants, germs, and foreign particles. While wet cough is associated with mucus production, a dry cough does not produce phlegm (mucus). Coughing multiple times a day can be a symptom of viral infections, such as the common cold, which resolve in a few weeks. However, seek medical care if your child has a persistent cough that lasts more than two to three weeks (1). Read on to know the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, home remedies, and prevention strategies for dry cough in children. [mj-toc] Causes Of Dry Cough In Children There can be various reasons for dry cough. Common causes in children may include the following (1). Viral respiratory infections such as common cold, croup, viral pneumonia, or acute bronchitis [mj_protip type="Quick fact" title="Quick fact"]Croup can be identified by its characteristic stridor, which refers to a distinctive, high-pitched whistling...
Explaining the respiratory system for kids may seem easy yet challenging at the same time. Did you know, several organs form the respiratory system, from the nose to the lungs. Lungs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide while breathing. Oxygen is needed to perform everyday activities such as moving hands, opening eyes, and digesting food (1). Humans can survive without water and food for some days, but it is impossible to live more than a few minutes without oxygen. Help your child learn more about the functions and parts of the respiratory system and common illnesses about breathing. [mj-toc] The Respiratory Tract The respiratory tract is divided into two sections, namely, upper and lower. The part above the voice box or larynx is upper respiratory tract and the one below it is lower respiratory tract. The respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa or respiratory epithelium (2). The tract moistens and provides protection from [simple_tooltip text="pathogens" tooltip="Microbes capable of...
FPIES, or Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome, is a rare and potentially severe food allergy. It generally starts after four months and within the first year of life (1) (2). While the exact causes of FPIES in babies are not well understood, it may be due to an immune reaction to specific proteins in food and can lead to [simple_tooltip text="gastrointestinal symptoms" tooltip="Symptoms related to health problems affecting the gastrointestinal tract that runs from the mouth to the rectum" ] (3) (4). This post discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for FPIES in babies, including strategies to help parents and caregivers better understand and manage this condition. [mj-toc] How Common Is FPIES? FPIES is not a common food allergy, occurring in about 0.51% of infants in the US (5). Thus, given its rarity, you should learn how to spot the signs and care for children with this condition. What Are The Symptoms Of FPIES In Babies? [caption id="attachment_1049797" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image:...
Dravet syndrome (DS) in babies is a rare genetic condition, previously referred to as severe myoclonic [simple_tooltip text="epilepsy" tooltip="A brain-related phenomenon characterized by uncontrollable movements and loss of consciousness" ]of infancy (SMEI) or epilepsy with [simple_tooltip text="polymorphic seizures" tooltip="A type of seizure characterized by a varied pattern of body movements" ]. It is characterized by temperature-sensitive epileptic seizures that usually begin in the first year of a baby's life (1). Most individuals (more than 80%) with DS develop a mutation in a specific gene. Although, in some cases, mutations in more than a single gene may lead to the development of the syndrome (2). However, having a genetic mutation isn't enough for the diagnosis. Keep reading to learn the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management of Dravet syndrome in babies. [mj_protip type="Did you know" title="Did you know?"]Referred to as a complex genetic form of epilepsy, DS was first identified by Charlotte Dravet in 1978 (1). She reported the condition to...
PANDAS syndrome is a condition that affects children. It is characterized by the sudden onset of obsessive-compulsive behaviors and/or tics. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be an [simple_tooltip text="autoimmune" tooltip="A condition characterized by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells, tissues, and organs" ]reaction to a strep infection (1). Treatment typically involves antibiotics and/or immunomodulatory therapy. Read on as we will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for PANDAS syndrome, and ways to support a child living with this condition. [mj-toc] What Is PANDAS Syndrome? PANDAS syndrome, or Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections syndrome, is a rare and complex disorder that affects children and adolescents. The exact cause of PANDAS is not known but is believed to be related to the immune system mistakenly targeting the brain's [simple_tooltip text="basal ganglia" tooltip="A group of brain structures located in the basal part of brain that plays a crucial role in the movement,...
Parents are constantly on the lookout for health tips for children to ensure they stay fit. Good health in children depends on several factors, such as their nutrition, hydration, sleep routine, hygiene, and physical activity. It may be difficult for children to ensure they are on the right track for all these parameters by themselves, which is when parents can help. When children follow a healthy lifestyle, it also lays a strong foundation for good health in the future. Parents should lead by example since children often learn what they see. Read on as we bring you a list of tips for good health in children. [mj-toc] 15+ Healthy Tips For Children 1. Minimal sugar intake According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, on average, sugar constitutes 17% of a child’s daily food and beverage consumption (1). Children who receive more than 10% of their daily calories from added sugar are at a higher risk of several health issues, including...
Gallstones or cholelithiasis are pebble-like, solid deposits formed by the solidification of digestive fluids in the gallbladder (1). The complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors causes gallstones in children. Children with a positive family history and certain inherited disorders are more likely to develop gallstones. Childhood obesity and certain medications may also increase the risk. Gallstones are painless and asymptomatic in most cases. However, inflammation and pain may occur if the stone blocks the flow of digestive juices, such as from the pancreas (2). Read on to know about possible causes, symptoms, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of gallstones in children. [mj-toc] What Causes Gallstones In Children? Gallstones form in the gallbladder, a small, sac-like organ present below the liver. The gallbladder stores bile (a digestive juice produced by the liver) and releases it into the duodenum (part of the small intestine) after meals to aid digestion. However, this process doesn’t work smoothly in some cases, leading to gallstones’...
Ear infection in babies usually refers to middle ear infection. The middle ear is part of the ear that contains the vibrating bones of the ear. This air-filled space behind the eardrum is an optimal site for the growth of microorganisms, and ear infections in infants are quite common (1) (2). An ear infection could make the baby irritable and cause irreversible effects if left untreated. Since babies cannot express their discomfort in words, knowing the symptoms is crucial to prevent the infection from worsening. Read on to know the signs, diagnosis, and treatment for ear infections in babies. [mj-toc] What Are The Types Of Ear Infection? There are four types of ear infections. Acute otitis media: It occurs when the middle ear gets inflamed or infected. Acute otitis media could be very painful and is the most common pediatric infection type. It usually is a result of respiratory infections (3). A study showed the association between hearing loss in...
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises administering a vitamin K shot at birth to newborns. Vitamin K is a vital fat-soluble vitamin crucial in maintaining various physiological functions, including blood clotting. The body stores the vitamin in the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, and bones, but these reserves are limited in newborns. Therefore, they are at an increased risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), a rare but serious blood disorder that most often affects babies in the first days or weeks of life (1) (2) (3). Keep reading to learn more about the safety, significance, and possible side effects of the vitamin K shot for infants. [mj-toc] Why Is Vitamin K Necessary For Newborn Babies? [caption id="attachment_1049874" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Newborns are at risk of developing a bleeding disorder called vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to their low stores of vitamin K at birth. This condition can lead to excessive bleeding or hemorrhage in the intestines and brain, which can...
Noticing your baby wheezing can be distressing, but not all wheezing should worry you. Around 50% of children may experience an episode of wheezing in the first year of life, according to one study (1). Wheezing may be a sign that there is an obstruction in the airways. The severity and cause of this obstruction will determine if there is any need for worry. A baby’s body is still developing, and various aspects related to an infant’s anatomy make them more prone to wheezing (2). However, knowing all there is to know about wheezing in babies may help you find comfort and the tools to help your child. Keep reading for more information on the causes, remedies, and types of wheezing. [mj-toc] What Is Wheezing In Infants? Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling or purring sound that your baby makes when breathing out. It is caused by obstruction of the airways between the [simple_tooltip text="larynx" tooltip="Part of the throat that contains...
Physical development in infants is fast. It seems like only yesterday that your baby was so small that you could completely encircle them in your arms. Now, the baby has grown several centimeters and is approaching new developmental milestones on a daily basis. These bodily changes are critical for the development of a baby's motor abilities and total body growth. It also provides the groundwork for your baby's future physical growth and abilities. So, what are those characteristics of physical development? Continue reading this post to learn about physical growth signals in newborns and toddlers. [mj-toc] What Is Physical Development In Infants And Toddlers? Physical development pertains to the baby’s bodily growth, fine and gross motor skills, and the abilities of various organs of the body. When a baby achieves a new physical capability, his life improves, and that is an event in his physical growth calendar. We list down such growth indicators in babies and toddlers of different age...
The tiny baby you got from the hospital, wrapped in your arms, is almost two years old now. The baby’s 23rd month may be marked by different activities such as walking, running, imitating you, being a pro at throwing tantrums, and talking – seems unbelievable, isn’t it! You see them do all those things every day, and it might make you wonder about how a 23-month-old behaves. You may want to know if the sudden behavioral changes, increased awareness, and struggling with independence is normal and expected. Read on as we tell you all you can expect in the 23rd month of your toddler’s life. [mj-toc] 23rd Month Old Baby Development Check out the various changes that occur during a 23-month-old baby's development. 1. Growth: As your tot approaches his second birthday, they will look much less like a baby. They will be upright, active, mobile and all their baby fat melts away. The way they move around will also...
Parents prefer to use a digital thermometer instead of a conventional one (mercury thermometer) for safety reasons. However, most parents do not know how to take baby temperature with a digital thermometer. Measuring correct body temperature is crucial because it is a good indicator of the baby’s health. However, there are different ways of measuring the temperature, and they mostly depend on the age of the child and the type of thermometer used. This post explains in detail the different kinds of digital thermometers available and the correct way of measuring your baby’s temperature. [mj-toc] What Are The Types Of Digital Thermometers? The type of digital thermometer depends on the part of the body where the temperature is checked (1). Standard multi-use digital thermometer: It is a regular digital thermometer with a metal tip that contains a heat sensor attached to an LCD screen. The screen shows temperature up to decimal points for accurate reading. It is used for oral...
Puberty in girls is a period that prepares them and their bodies for the transition from childhood to adulthood. It’s an important milestone that reflects they are growing and developing well. But since several physical, physiological, and emotional changes happen simultaneously during this period, it is common for young girls to feel confused and anxious. As a parent, you can support your little girl and ease her anxiety by informing her beforehand about puberty and the changes it brings. It will help her know that puberty is a normal developmental phase that every girl undergoes. Besides, it will help her be prepared for these changes. Read on as offer some insight into the different stages of puberty in girls and some tips to talk about puberty with your little girl. [mj-toc] What Is Puberty? Puberty is the biological phase that marks the transformation of the body from the juvenile to the adult stage. It is a time when the body...
The sight of a baby crying can worry parents for sure. Nevertheless, it is common for babies to cry for a total of three hours a day. Crying serves various purposes and may communicate different emotions of the baby. In some cases, crying might only be their way of telling you that they need attention and care. As time passes, you may be able to tell apart various types of cries and learn ways to manage them effectively. Read on to know why babies cry, how to understand their cries, and ways to cope with their crying spells. [mj-toc] Why Do Babies Cry? [caption id="attachment_879503" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] All babies cry, and they do so to communicate with their caregivers. Since babies cannot talk, crying works as an innate natural way to share their feelings and emotions, often related to their basic needs. Below are the common reasons why babies cry (1) (2). Hunger Sleepiness Overfeeding Uncomfortable clothing or...
A splinter is a tiny fragment of an object, such as plastic, wood, glass, or other material that penetrates the skin and stays embedded, causing pain. Since the pain can be bothersome for a child, you might be looking for ways to remove a splinter from a child’s skin. Although splinters aren’t a cause for immediate concern, leaving them in the skin may cause infections. Hence, removing splinters from the skin is vital to alleviate pain and mitigate the risk of other issues. So, keep reading to know how to remove a splinter and the aftercare it needs to minimize the risk of infection. [mj-toc]How To Remove A Splinter From A Child’s Skin? [caption id="attachment_887207" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] There are various ways to remove a splinter from a child. Whichever way you choose, cleaning the area with water and soap is a must. Pat dry the skin using a clean towel. If the splinter is not deep and you...
Hearing the baby utter their first word is the most joyous moment in the parent’s life. Parents may also wonder when do babies say "mama" and "dada." It is a milestone that most parents anticipate. Learning to talk is a gradual process that starts with basic communication skills such as gurgling and cooing. Most babies can do it by the time they are three months of age (1). However, every baby is unique and grows at its own pace. So, the timeline for when they would utter “mama” or ”dada” may differ. Read on to know when babies say "mama" and "dada" and some tips to encourage your baby to say those adorable words. [mj-toc] At What Age Do Babies Say “Mama” And “Dada”? [caption id="attachment_881380" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] Babies usually say “Mama” and “Dada” by the age of nine months (2). It is the average age for achieving the milestone, and it does not mean all babies say...
Rice water for babies is one of the oldest weaning foods that people in several cultures use due to its availability, simple preparation, and affordability. To prepare rice water, you need to cook the rice until it turns smooth and gets completely dissolved into the water. Drain the boiled rice, and the remaining suspended starch is called rice water (1). But though feeding rice water to babies seems a good choice, is it a safe weaning food choice? Read on as we tell you more about the nutritional value of rice water, its possible benefits, side effects, and more. [mj-toc] Is Rice Water Good For Babies? Rice water is often recommended as baby’s first food as per traditional weaning practices. It is done partly due to its easy digestibility and hypoallergenic nature. Yet, keeping its overall nutritional value in focus, rice water cannot be considered as a standalone first choice for babies. Why is it so? Well, the answer lies in...
Nausea can be defined as a queasiness in the stomach that is accompanied by an involuntary urge to vomit. Episodes of nausea in children and adolescents are not uncommon (1) (2). Nausea is not a disease but a complex symptom of various underlying conditions and can be managed at homes for some children. Read this post to know more about the causes, home remedies, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of nausea in children. [mj-toc] Associated Symptoms In Children [caption id="attachment_887597" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] There are other symptoms that often accompany nausea. Below are some of the common ones among children (3) (4). Fever Abdominal pain Vomiting Dizziness Headache Loss of appetite Sore throat [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/reasons-for-loss-of-appetite-in-children_00349759/" title="Loss Of Appetite In Children: 9 Causes And 7 Prevention Tips"] Home Remedies For Managing Nausea In Children [caption id="attachment_887598" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] You may try the following tips at home to control your child’s nausea (5). Adequate intake of fluids or cold liquids...
A gas problem in toddlers is common and is seldom a cause of concern. Usually, it may not require any clinical analysis or treatment interventions. Instead, the mild discomfort due to gas is easily managed at home with simple remedies. However, if your toddler has been experiencing constant and unbearable gas pain, you must seek medical advice. This post tells you about the possible signs, causes, and remedies for gas in toddlers. [mj-toc] How Do You Know Your Toddler Has A Gas Problem? [caption id="attachment_876335" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Some of the common signs and symptoms often associated with gas in toddlers include: Uneasiness and increased discomfort. Difficulty in passing stool. [simple_tooltip text="Fussiness" tooltip="The quality of being difficult to please." ] and [simple_tooltip text="colic" tooltip="Prolonged, frequent, and intense crying in an infant." ] even after proper feeding. Clenching his or her fist repeatedly. Increased burping. Frequent [simple_tooltip text="squirming" tooltip="To exhibit or experience discomfort or distress." ]. Pulling of legs towards...
Tea is believed to have several health benefits. However, is it safe for you to consider tea for kids? The tea we usually make contains caffeine and refined sugar, which are not recommended in excess amounts, especially for children. Plunge into this post as we tell you whether or not tea is safe for children, the correct age for introducing the beverage to them, its benefits, and possible adverse effects. [mj-toc] Is It Safe For Children To Drink Tea? Ideally, tea is not recommended for children due to its natural caffeine content. According to Dr. Cidny Gellner of the University of Utah Health Sciences, “Drinking high amounts of sweetened caffeinated drinks can lead to cavities in children.” Also, caffeine is [simple_tooltip text="diuretic" tooltip="A substance that enables the kidneys to produce more urine and get rid of the excess fluid from the body" ] that can make your kids pee more frequently. (1) You may replace caffeinated tea with herbal tea....
Potty training takes time and patience to help your child feel comfortable and confident. All children learn to use the toilet sooner or later. While some children learn it earlier, others may take time. So, we have compiled some tips on how to potty train a three-year-old. Moreover, you may want to know when to start potty training your child. So, read this post to learn more about the signs your child is ready to get potty trained, tips on potty training, and things to remember while potty training your child. [mj-toc] When Can You Start Potty Training Your Child? [caption id="attachment_881766" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] Children are usually ready to be potty-trained by the age of 18-24 months (1). A toddler at this age will exhibit signs of readiness, like showing displeasure when their diapers are soiled and signaling their parents to change the diapers. Older toddlers often do not like pooping or peeing in front of everyone. If...
Noticing white or gray hair in children might cause concern in parents. The graying of hair in older adults is a natural process. But premature graying of hair in children is not. Although the reason might be genetic in some children, it might also be associated with a health condition such as [simple_tooltip text="vitiligo" tooltip="An autoimmune condition that results in white patches or loss of skin color" ] or [simple_tooltip text="neurofibromatosis" tooltip="A rare genetic disorder that typically causes benign tumors in the skin and the nervous system " ]. Thus, it is essential to get your child checked by a doctor if you start to notice the graying of their hair. Read on to know more about the causes and treatment options available to help with this condition. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/causes-of-hair-loss-in-toddlers_00118148/" title="5 Serious Causes Of Hair Loss In Toddlers"] [mj-toc] Possible Causes Of White Or Gray Hair In Children Hair color comes from melanin pigment. Hair begins to gray or turn...
It is common for toddlers to lose appetite occasionally. And although it is generally not a cause for concern, you should consult the doctor if it is accompanied by signs of chronic illnesses or weight loss (1). Also, persistent loss of appetite can delay the growth of babies and make them prone to other diseases. Read on to know about appetite loss in toddlers and ways to help them regain it. [mj-toc] Is It Normal For Toddlers To Have Appetite Loss? Toddlers tend to have erratic appetite due to their growth spurts and psychological development. There may be a variable intake of meals in a day, as well. If your toddler appears healthy and seems to be growing at a normal pace, then there is probably no reason to be concerned about their poor appetite (2). However, parents need to know the reasons behind the lack of appetite in toddlers (3). What Are The Causes Of Loss Of Appetite In...
Diarrhea in children is a frequent passing of watery stools three or more times a day. It can be a symptom and a less serious condition (1). The most common cause of diarrhea is viral gastrointestinal infections. However, [simple_tooltip text="celiac disease" tooltip="An autoimmune and genetic condition characterized by an immune reaction to gluten, the protein found in barley, rye, and wheat" ] that occurs genetically may also cause it. Depending on the underlying cause, diarrhea can be acute, persistent, or chronic, and mild or severe. Generally, diarrhea clears up by itself within a few days. However, timely treatment and management are crucial, especially in young children who can lose fluids rapidly, as it may lead to serious dehydration. Read on to know its types, causes, treatment, risks, and prevention of diarrhea in children. [mj-toc] Types Of Diarrhea In Children Diarrhea is usually categorized into the following three types (2). Acute (short-term) diarrhea: Lasts for one to two days and then...
It is common to find Epstein pearls in newborn babies. They are tiny, white bumps that appear in the baby’s mouth and are also called [simple_tooltip text="gingival" tooltip="A structure consisting of gums and a mucosal layer that surrounds and protects teeth " ] [simple_tooltip text="cysts" tooltip="Fluid-filled, benign growths that form on or under the skim" ]. Epstein pearls have been named after Alois Epstein, a Czech pediatric physician who first described this cyst. Approximately 60–85% of newborns have gingival cysts (1). Although Epstein pearls are commonly found on the roof of the mouth or gums in most babies, some male newborns may have it on their penis. No specific treatment is required for Epstein pearls. However, seek medical care to rule out conditions that may resemble Epstein pearls. Read on to know the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Epstein pearls in newborn babies. [mj-toc] Causes Of Epstein Pearls In Babies Some studies suggest that Epstein pearls occur due to...
Water intoxication in babies is a condition that may cause severe physiological changes, such as low body temperatures and seizures. Feeding more water than the baby’s body can handle may upset the electrolyte balance of their system, leading to water intoxication. Just like for adults, water is a vital nutrient for babies too. It is, thus, essential to fulfil their limited yet crucial water needs. Although water intoxication in babies is rare, it may be caused by overconsumption of water through excessively diluted formula or plain water given instead of ORS during diarrhea. Read this post to learn more about the symptoms, possible causes, effects, and preventive measures for water intoxication in babies. How Much Water Should Babies Have? [caption id="attachment_888255" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Babies under six months of age should not drink water. Their hydration requirements at this age are optimally met by breast milk and formula. Thus, feeding them water can put them at a higher risk...
The ‘da-da-da’ or ‘ba-ba-ba’ sounds your baby makes are the stepping stones to their first words. Baby babbling is a continuous string of vowel and consonant sounds produced by your little one. These repetitive sounds may seem meaningless, but it plays a major role in encouraging language development in infants. Besides babbling, your baby may make cooing or gurgling sounds as well. This post takes you through some reasons babies babble, the vocalization milestones associated with babbling, and tips on how parents can respond to it. [mj-toc] Why Do Babies Babble? [caption id="attachment_883097" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] Newborns begin to babble to express their desire to talk, consequently constructing meaningful words and phrases at later stages of their language development. A baby would babble to mimic the words spoken by parents or caregivers or mimic the ambient sounds. You may notice your baby babbling in a tone that matches the pitches of your voice or accent. Babbling to imitate lays...
Soon after birth, the touch and hearing senses of babies are activated, but they can’t see colors. Since seeing colors and differentiating between them is an important milestone, many parents wonder, “when can babies see colors?” Like any development milestone, such as crawling, walking, or talking, babies learn to see and distinguish between different colors over time. Experts say it generally takes about a year for an infant’s vision to reach the normal levels of adults and then three to four years to develop fully (1) (2). However, this may vary among babies as every baby develops at a different pace. Read on as we share more information about babies’ color vision milestones in the first 12 months and certain vision problems that you should watch out for. [mj-toc] When Do Babies See Colors? [caption id="attachment_882308" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] A n[simple_tooltip text="eonate’s" tooltip="A child under 28 days of age." ] eyes are slightly bigger than half the size of...
Hiccups are the repeated contractions of the diaphragm (1). These contractions cause the vocal cords to shut, creating the characteristic ‘hic’ sound. Newborns get hiccups frequently, and it is usually not a cause for concern until your baby is a year old. However, if the hiccups seem odd or are frequent after the age of one year, talk to the baby’s pediatrician about it. Read about the causes, treatment, and prevention of newborn hiccups in this post. [mj-toc] What Causes Hiccups In Babies? [caption id="attachment_886895" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] The exact cause of hiccups in infants is not known (2). Hiccups fundamentally occur due to the trigger of the hiccups reflex, which is constituted of the simultaneous action of the diaphragm, muscles that control the trachea, and nerves. If the nerves involved in the reflex are triggered or irritated, it leads to hiccups, which are regulated by parts of the brain and the spinal cord. Several conditions may trigger or...
Hypo means less, and tone refers to the resistance of muscles in our bodies. So, the condition of hypotonia in babies refers to a reduced muscle tone, causing a flexed posture. However, it should not be confused with muscle weakness. Hypotonia often occurs due to disorders of nerves, which control muscle movements. The condition commonly affects newborns and infants, although it may occur at a later age, as well. It is usually treated depending on the underlying cause, and prognosis and outcomes may vary accordingly. This post discusses the signs, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hypotonia in babies. [mj-toc] Signs And Symptoms Of Hypotonia In Babies [caption id="attachment_893027" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Hypotonia may not be noticeable in babies younger than six months, although they might have it since birth. Babies with severe hypotonia (floppy baby syndrome) can be like rag dolls without any muscle strength. Many of them have a frog-like posture. Hypotonic or floppy babies may have delayed...
Croup in kids occurs due to a viral infection in the vocal cords and the trachea (windpipe). The infection causes swelling and narrowing of the upper airway, making it difficult for air to pass through. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough, hoarseness, and high-pitched noise while breathing in (1). Croup infection usually affects young children, and the symptoms are generally mild and can be treated at home. However, severe and prolonged croup infections may cause breathing difficulties and warrant hospitalization (1) (2). Read on to learn about the causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for croup in children. [mj-toc] What Causes Croup In Children? [caption id="attachment_893808" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Croup is commonly caused by the [simple_tooltip text="human parainfluenza virus" tooltip="Causes upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults, such as colds, pneumonia, and bronchitis." ] (types 1 and 3). However, influenza A and B viruses, [simple_tooltip text="respiratory syncytial virus" tooltip="Mostly causes mild respiratory infections such...
Ritalin for children is a prescription-only drug. It is a brand name for methylphenidate, a central nervous system stimulant. Methylphenidate is available in immediate-release or [simple_tooltip text="sustained-release formulations" tooltip="The medicine is released slowly for a prolonged effect on the body" ] (1). Ritalin is commonly used for children with [simple_tooltip text="ADHD" tooltip="A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by attention deficiency, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior" ]. It helps them control their hyperactive and impulsive behaviors and increases concentration. Read the post to learn about the safety of Ritalin use in children and its side effects and possible risks. [mj-toc] How Does Ritalin Work? The mode of action of methylphenidate is not fully understood, but it is thought to act on the cortex and the brain stem regions to produce stimulant effects. It may show its action by blocking the reuptake of [simple_tooltip text="neurotransmitters" tooltip="Chemical messengers in the brain that are responsible for the proper functioning of the body" ], such as [simple_tooltip text="dopamine"...
Hiccups are innate, involuntary reflexes that could begin in the womb at just nine weeks of [simple_tooltip text="gestational age" tooltip="Calculated from the last menstrual cycle to the current date in weeks" ] (1). Though they aren’t a cause for worry, hiccups in kids can be bothersome since they can disrupt what they are doing and make them fussy and irritable. Hiccups are caused by the contraction of the diaphragm, the dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. They are generally self-limiting and go away on their own in a few minutes. However, though adults are usually willing to wait for a hiccup episode to pass, children aren’t. Hence, parents need to be equipped with remedies that could stop the hiccups quickly. If your child is prone to frequent bouts of hiccups, continue reading. This post tells you about types of hiccups, their causes, and home remedies that could help manage hiccups in children. [mj-toc] Are Hiccups Good Or Bad? [caption id="attachment_882554"...
Athlete\'s foot in children is a fungal infection, which usually affects the skin of the feet, especially between the toes. The primary sign of the infection is the reddish-white appearance of the skin. The affected area may also become itchy, moist, and scaly. It is called athlete\'s foot since it is most commonly observed among athletes. Children may risk catching this fungal infection if they frequently use public showers, swimming pools, or locker rooms without footwear. The infection can usually be resolved with topical antifungal medications. This post tells you more about athlete\'s foot in children, its symptoms, and how to prevent it. [mj-toc] What Causes Athlete’s Foot In Children? Athlete’s foot, also known as tinea pedis or foot [simple_tooltip text="ringworm" tooltip="A skin infection caused by fungus resulting in red circular rashes." ], is caused by a fungus belonging to the [simple_tooltip text="dermatophytes" tooltip="A group of fungi responsible for ringworm infection." ]group of fungi (1). The infections caused by these...
Nasal saline drops for babies can be useful for relieving nasal congestion, which usually occurs due to cold and other respiratory illnesses. Babies and toddlers may experience seven to eight episodes of cold a year (1). Since babies are obligate nasal breathers, a stuffed nose may affect their feeding and sleeping routines and make them fussy (2). Hence, you can consider using nasal saline drops, a liquid mixture of [simple_tooltip text="distilled water" tooltip="Water boiled until vapor is released, and the vapor is condensed back into the water." ] and salt. They are typically non-medicated and considered safe for babies. Read on as we tell you more about how nasal saline drops work, how you can make them at home, and the correct way to administer them to a baby. [mj-toc] How Do Nasal Saline Drops Work? [caption id="attachment_888386" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] The nasal saline drops work by passing through the delicate nasal membrane and reducing the excess mucus secretion...
Toddler growth spurts may occur between the ages of one and three years. Toddlers grow a few inches and gain a few pounds each year of toddlerhood (1). Growth spurts are periods when a toddler has sudden and intense growth. As a result, they may appear hungrier and need more food than usual to meet the extra energy needs due to rapid growth. Additional supplements or treatments are not required during growth spurts unless the toddler has some nutritional deficiencies. The growth rate is periodically reviewed during pediatric visits using growth charts. Doctors may prescribe supplements if needed. Read on to learn more about the signs of toddler growth spurts, ways to estimate height, and reasons for short stature. [mj-toc] When Do Toddlers Grow? A child grows in phases, and it is not a continuous process. You may observe a sudden increase in growth and then a stable phase. A toddler’s growth timeline may include the following stages (2). Year...
A baby is constipated if they have difficulty passing stools or have hardened stools. A baby’s constipation may also lead to other issues, such as pain while passing stools and stomach ache. Most infants younger than a year may go days without pooping. Knowing the symptoms to expect in a constipated baby may make it easier for you to differentiate regular stool motions from constipation (1) (2). Read this post to know the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention for constipation in babies. [mj-toc] What Are The Signs Of Constipation In A Baby? The primary symptom of a baby’s constipation is hard and dry stools, which usually appear as individual lumps in the diaper. The baby may also show the following signs (1) (3). Strain while passing stool; evident from baby’s facial expressions Bloated belly due to gas accumulation Release of abdominal gas while passing stools [caption id="attachment_894478" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Severe constipation is less common and may lead to...
Milk allergy in children occurs when a child’s immune system mistakenly perceives cow milk proteins as a threat and acts against them, triggering a reaction. A child allergic to milk develops symptoms when milk or milk-based foods are ingested. Depending on the severity of the allergic reaction, the symptoms may vary from mild to severe. Removing milk and milk products from the diet can help manage mild symptoms. In the US, milk allergy affects about 3% of children under three years (1). Fortunately, most children outgrow milk allergies before they turn 16. Thus, prompt treatment and management of the condition are essential for managing allergic reactions. Read this post to learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of milk allergy in children. [mj-toc]What Are The Causes Of Milk Allergy In Children? [caption id="attachment_893488" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] There is no exact cause of milk allergy. Genetics and environmental factors may play a role in its manifestation. Physiologically, in those...
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a lung disease caused due to deficiency of surfactants in the lungs\' alveoli. The lung disease is also called hyaline membrane disease or infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). The condition is usually common in premature babies who do not have fully developed lungs. It is less commonly seen in full-term babies (1). Breathing difficulties are common due to NRDS. Thankfully, the disease can be treated before or after the baby\'s birth. Read this post to know the symptoms, risk factors, treatments, and possible complications of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. [mj-toc]Causes Of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome NRDS is caused by the deficiency of pulmonary surfactants present in the alveolar spaces of the lungs. Pulmonary surfactants are slimy, mucus-like substances made of proteins and lipids. The surfactant lines the air sacs (alveoli) to reduce the surface tension, thus helping the lungs stay inflated and preventing their collapse (2). [caption id="attachment_655131" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Usually, the...
Your heart may melt when you see your kid crying, which is a natural emotional response for babies and young children to difficult situations (1). They may cry to express various emotions, such as discomfort, confusion, anger, or fear. Since they cannot verbally express their feelings, they may even cry when they cannot cope with certain situations. As a parent, you may find it difficult to manage a child who has frequent meltdowns, especially when you are unaware of the reason behind the tears. However, with your guidance and support, your child can learn to manage their emotions under stress and verbalize their needs. Read this article to learn about some common reasons children cry and how to manage a crying child. [mj-toc]Causes Of Crying In Children Excessive crying in children can be attributed to a medical disorder less than five percent of the time. Thus, crying in children may not be a cause for worry every time (1). The...
Nasal congestion in infants is as troublesome as in adults. While grown-ups may be able to handle it, infants may experience severe discomfort due to it. Besides causing breathing difficulty, a blocked nose can make it hard for babies to swallow food. In addition, it interferes with their sleep. Hence, they may wake up cranky and irritated or may not be able to sleep at all. A stuffy nose, thus, can affect your baby's mood and health. So we have some information to help you deal with it. This post will help you understand nasal congestion in babies, including its causes, symptoms, and ways to cope with it. [mj-toc]What Are The Symptoms Of Nasal Congestion? Your baby is too young to tell you that his nose is blocked. But nasal congestion is there for you to see, and you can identify it from any of the following symptoms: A runny nose:The nose is drooling mucus all the time, and there...
High blood pressure is rarely associated with babies. This is because the causes of a spike in blood pressure in infants vary from those that are usually seen in adults. The major causes of high blood pressure in babies might include blocked blood vessels in the kidney, a blood clot, or exposure to medicines and narcotics while in the womb. Read on to know more about the causes of high blood pressure in babies, including its treatment and preventative measures. [mj-toc]What Is High Blood Pressure? The force that the blood exerts on the walls of arteries when it moves through them is called blood pressure. It is a metric with two numbers, one that indicates the force of blood when the heart is pumping and the other when the heart is at rest (1). Normal vs. high blood pressure in babies: Blood pressure (BP) is usually denoted by two numbers written as a fraction, for example, 110/70. The upper number...
If you see your baby cruising or walking with the support of objects or furniture, you can rest assured that they have achieved a vital physical development milestone. Cruising is the transition from crawling to walking. Most babies begin cruising spontaneously, while some cruise and crawl simultaneously. Regardless of how your baby cruises, it strengthens their leg muscles, making it an essential precursor to walking. Keep reading this post to understand when your baby will cruise, how it evolves, how to encourage it, and ways to keep the little one safe while they cruise around. [mj-toc]When Do Infants Start Cruising? According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, babies begin to cruise anytime between the ages of eight and 12 months (1). It is also the phase when your baby will learn to crawl. As your baby becomes adept at crawling, they will pull to stand, that is, get into a standing position while using an object for support. Most babies...
The feeling when your baby turns its head and comes running to you, as you call to them, is precious and incomparable. So have you ever wondered when do babies recognize their names? Most parents are curious to know when their little one will be able to respond to their name. Babies typically develop recognition of sound within the first couple of months (1). Your baby may not speak but is constantly learning to understand what you talk and say to them from the very early months of their lives. In this post, we will tell you about when babies achieve this milestone, including how they recognize their names and ways for you to help them attain this stage. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/fun-ways-to-teach-your-toddler-to-write-better_0082821/" title="24 Fun Ways To Teach Your Toddler To Write Better"] [mj-toc]At What Age Do Babies Know Their Names? Babies usually begin to know and respond to their names by the age of six months (2). Each baby is different,...
Just like for adults, yoga for toddlers also has several health benefits. When toddlers begin to learn yoga and include the practice in their daily routine, there is a remarkable change in their flexibility and strength. Yoga for toddlers can bring additional benefits such as increased mindfulness, reduced anxiety, and an increase in discipline. Your toddler might need parental guidance and observation while practicing yoga, so they do not hurt themselves. Read this post to learn about the benefits and some easy and effective yoga poses for your toddler. [mj-toc]When Can You Begin Teaching Yoga To Children? The best time to start yoga is as early as three years of age so that the child can reap multiple benefits. However, if the little one is not ready, do not push them. Possible Benefits Of Yoga For Toddlers Yoga is more than your typical fun activity and can offer various benefits to your little ones. 1. Enhances physical development Toddlers learn...
Babies suck their hands to communicate and self-soothe. A baby sucking hand is considered a normal part of their development and may begin at two months. Besides sucking hands, you may notice babies sucking fists or even trying to put their feet in their mouths. Most babies stop sucking their hands by themselves at around two to four years. However, if a child sucks their hands even in their kindergarten years, consult a pediatrician because hand sucking could interfere with secondary or permanent teething. Keep reading to know why babies suck their hands, its risks, and effective ways to help babies outgrow it. [mj-toc]Reasons For Hand Sucking In Babies Various reasons may make a baby suck their hands. You may have to observe your baby in detail to identify the cause of hand sucking. Common reasons may include (1): 1. Hunger Babies may suck hands when they are hungry. Hand sucking may indicate feeding time. Since babies suck a nipple...
Babies may have their first bath 24 hours after their birth. While most babies become used to bathing and enjoy it, some may consistently dislike it to the point that their parents begin wondering why their baby hates bath-time. Switching to sponge baths can be a temporary solution, but eventually, you need to figure out how to get your baby used to baths. There may be various reasons a baby hates taking baths. This post explains why some babies dislike taking a bath and how to make them feel comfortable while bathing. [mj-toc]Why Do Babies Cry During A Bath? Below are some of the common reasons why a baby could go cranky while bathing (1) (2). Change in temperature: Placing the baby in a bathtub with cold water could startle them, causing them to cry. It is also not ideal for the baby’s body, which is still developing adequate body temperature regulation. Water or soap in the eyes: Placing the...
Rosacea is an inflammatory condition that causes skin redness, commonly on the face and neck. Rosacea in children is uncommon, and it is usually seen in adults. If a child has rosacea, they can have flare-ups that may become frequent and intense over time. Moreover, a delayed diagnosis could lead to issues such as pimples, pustules, broken blood vessels, and other skin conditions (1) (2). This non-contagious, chronic skin condition has no cure, but the right management steps can prevent the symptoms from worsening. Read this post to know more about rosacea, its causes, diagnosis, treatment, and effective prevention. [mj-toc]Is Rosacea Common In Children? Rosacea rarely affects children and is more common in 30 to 60-year-olds. If your child has been experiencing temporary facial redness, it is more likely due to sun damage. In most cases, children with fair skin tone experience thinning of the skin due to sun damage, resulting in visible blood vessels around the cheeks (1) (3)....
Dyslexia in children causes them to encounter difficulties in reading, writing, and spelling letters and words or making calculations. It is a learning disorder and may also be referred to as a reading disability. Dyslexia may even affect children who do not have disabilities in terms of intelligence, hearing, and vision. Although this disorder has no specific cure, early diagnosis and special reading training could improve their academic performance and quality of life. In addition, children may require special educational and emotional support to overcome reading disabilities. This post explains the signs, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of dyslexia in children. [mj-toc]Signs And Symptoms Of Dyslexia In Children Although a few signs and symptoms of dyslexia are present before school age, most cases are recognized during schooling. In most cases, teachers notice the child\'s learning difficulty before it comes to parental attention since many learn to read at school. The severity of dyslexia can vary in each child. The...
Have you noticed that if you touch the roof of a newborn’s mouth with a pacifier, finger, or nipple, they immediately start sucking? The baby sucking reflex is an involuntary reflex seen in almost all full-term and some preterm infants. It is one of the first and most critical reflex actions in newborns and acts as a predictor of the newborn’s facial growth because it influences the facial muscles (1). It also serves as a means of nourishment for the baby and helps them feel relaxed (2). The ability to suck inadvertently differs from one baby to the other. Depending on several factors, such as the baby’s age at birth, some babies may be better at it than others. Read on to learn some fascinating facts about babies’ sucking reflexes. [mj-toc]When Does The Sucking Reflex Develop In Babies? [caption id="attachment_894226" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Studies suggest that the first movements in the oral area happen on the 60th day of...
[mj-toc] Mononucleosis is an infectious disease most commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (1). It is also known as infectious mononucleosis, glandular fever, mono, kissing disease, or just IM. Mono can occur at all ages, but most cases are seen in adolescence and early childhood. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mono is common among teenagers and young adults, and at least one out of four teenagers developed infectious mononucleosis after getting infected by the EBV virus (2). Mono in teens rarely causes serious complications during the initial stages of infection. However, there are a few long-term consequences if not treated. With a few tips and precautions, you may be able to prevent this disease, and mono rarely occurs more than once except in people with an impaired immune system (3). Read on as MomJunction tells you about the symptoms of mono in teenagers, its treatment, and some tips for its prevention. What Are...
[mj-toc] Warts are benign growths on the skin caused due to a virus called the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Although a bit unsightly, warts are usually harmless. Children are more prone to infections than adults, and hence more vulnerable to being affected by the virus that causes warts (1). Normally warts are not painful, but the ones on the feet might pain (2). In this post, MomJunction tells you about the causes, treatments, and a few home remedies for managing warts in general. Are Children’s Warts Contagious? Warts are contagious and spread from one child to another through direct or indirect contact. However, not all children who come into contact with the virus develop warts because of better immunity levels (3) How Do Children Get Warts? Here are a few ways in which your child might contract the HPV, which leads to the development of warts. Touching an infected person may sometimes cause warts. If your child uses a cloth or...