MBBS, DCH, DNB
Dr. Pooja Parikh is a pediatrician with 11 years of experience in the field. Her medical journey has taken her from Rajkot (PDUMC) to Vadodara (SSGH) to Mumbai (Hinduja & Breach Candy Hospital). Currently, she is actively involved in critical, intensive, and general care of 0 to 18-year-olds in the port town of Gandhidham, where she was born and brought up. She believes that a doctor should ensure not only the absence of illness but also the procurement of overall good health.
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Many parents may wonder whether their newborn baby\'s bath temperature is ideal. Some prefer giving their babies a warm bath because it seems to calm and relax them. However, it is better to bathe your newbie in lukewarm water. While bathing your baby, ensure that the water temperature does not exceed a level that could harm their delicate skin. In case of fever in babies, giving a lukewarm bath or a sponge bath may help temporarily lower the fever while administering the fever medicines prescribed by the pediatrician (1) (2). Read on to know the recommended bath temperature for newborn babies, how to offer them a safe and pleasant bathing experience, and how to determine the water temperature. [mj-toc]What Is The Safest Bath Temperature For Infants? [caption id="attachment_889541" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] The safest and most preferred bath temperature for newborns and infants is around 98.6° to 100° F (37° to 38° C). Bathing your child in water higher than...
Many parents seek pediatric care for teething and diarrhea during their baby’s teething period. Most babies begin teething when they initiate complementary feeding while weaning from breast milk and infant formula. Although it can be exciting to see your little one getting their teeth, many babies experience discomforts such as gum pain, drooling rash, and sleep disturbances. In addition, some babies get diarrhea during teething. Read on to know more about the causes and treatment for teething and diarrhea and when to see a doctor. [mj-toc] Is There A Correlation Between Teething And Diarrhea? [caption id="attachment_893618" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), teething does not cause diarrhea (1). Teething and diarrhea are often coincidental since teething usually begins around the same time when babies start consuming solids. The transition from breast milk or formula to solids may lead to diarrhea as the baby\'s sensitive digestive system adjusts to the dietary changes. Also, around the...
[mj-toc] Many new parents begin to notice their infant staring at particular people randomly, which may lead them to think, “why do babies stare?” Although this staring behavior can be concerning, it is not worrisome. Most babies stare at people out of curiosity as they get to know them. Sometimes, they may be attracted to a person’s eyeglasses or bushy beard and stare at them out of curiosity. In addition, some babies may stare at objects, ceilings, and walls, indicating that their vision is developing on the right track. Read on to understand why babies stare so intently and when you should be concerned about it. Understanding A Baby’s Vision In order to know why babies stare, we first need to understand their vision (1) (2). Below are some salient points about a baby’s developing eyes and vision. Newborns are quite sensitive to light at birth. Their pupils become very small when exposed to bright light. Objects located to the...
Even before they are born, your life begins to revolve around your baby. You appear to be preparing your home and life to accommodate your baby's requirements. Therefore, it is good to be aware of some fascinating facts about babies. You have celebrated your baby showers and taken maternity leave to prepare for the arrival of a new beginning in your life. When you first bring your baby home, everything about them both worries and delights you, such as their wailing, smiling, and laughing. In addition to being adorable and innocent, babies have a remarkable blend of talents and abilities. [mj-toc] 26 Truly Amazing Fun Baby Facts 1. No Kneecaps: [caption id="attachment_415878" align="aligncenter" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Babies are born without kneecaps. Yes, you read that right. Babies have a structure of cartilage that resembles the kneecaps. These cartilages do not develop until they are fully six months. And that’s the reason most of the babies crawl on the arms instead...
Protein powders are used for muscle development and weight gain by adults. However, doctors may recommend protein powders for kids only to fill nutritional gaps. These powders are derived from plant and animal sources. Apart from amino acids, these also contain other substances such as artificial sweeteners, artificial flavors, multi-vitamins, minerals, preservatives, and thickeners (1). Hence, they must be administered to children after a doctor’s prescription. Mostly, children who consume a balanced diet do not need additional high-protein supplements but if your doctor recommends, then know more about protein powders, their types, and safety concerns for children from our post. [mj-toc] Is Protein Powder Safe For Children? Protein powders are dietary supplements that do not undergo the US Food and Drug Administration’s (US FDA) testing, regulation, and approval process, unlike prescription drugs (2). The quality and safety of these supplements are left up to the manufacturers to evaluate. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), supplements can be susceptible...
Malnutrition in children is defined as an imbalance in nutrient intake and utilization. Statistics suggest that 155 million children under five had stunted growth, while 41 million were overweight or obese in 2016 (1) (2). Growth stunting results from inadequate energy and nutrient intake, whereas overweight or obesity results from excessive intake. Poor eating habits, nutritional malabsorption, and genetic predisposition are common causes of child malnutrition (3). Malnutrition also impacts a child’s growth, development, and general health. However, it can be mitigated by identifying and treating the exact cause and effects of the condition. Read on to learn more about the causes and symptoms of malnutrition and how it can be treated and prevented in children. [mj-toc] Types Of Malnutrition There are two types of malnutrition (1) (3). 1. Undernutrition Undernutrition can be of many types depending on the deficient nutrient in the child’s diet. A type of undernutrition that significantly affects a child’s growth is protein-energy undernutrition or malnutrition. It...
Pneumonia is a lung infection leading to inflammation of the lungs’ alveoli (air sacs). A variety of organisms could cause pneumonia in teens. In addition, the inflamed air sacs may cause breathing difficulties (due to insufficient oxygen levels) in your teen. This condition commonly occurs in children below four. However, teenagers who are predisposed to risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic diseases have higher chances of developing pneumonia (1). Ensuring adequate nutrition and sleep, avoiding smoke exposure, and getting scheduled immunization are some strategies that could help prevent pneumonia. However, it is crucial to seek medical care if your teen has the signs of pneumonia. Keep reading to discover the possible causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and preventive measures for pneumonia in teens. [mj-toc] Causes Of Pneumonia In Teenagers [caption id="attachment_892562" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Bacteria, fungi, and viruses are common causes of pneumonia. Microbes can spread through respiratory droplets while coughing and sneezing or...
Four-month sleep regression results in a sudden change in sleep patterns that may cause worry in new parents. It is a condition where four-month-olds, who had previously been sleeping well, suddenly begin waking up at night and have trouble falling back asleep. Sleep regressions are characterized by unexplained disruptions in the baby’s sleep patterns. They are frequently reported but rarely studied. Usually, these regressions coincide with the age for major developmental brain changes. While there is no staunch medical evidence for its occurrence, sleep regressions do occur according to anecdotal evidence. The sleep regression phase can be difficult for parents and caretakers. It may last for a few days to a couple of weeks. However, it is a normal developmental phase. Read this article to learn the signs of regression and how to handle your baby during this phase. [mj-toc] Why Do Some Babies Go Through Sleep Regression? Sleep regression can occur at any age, but it is most common...
Viral rashes in babies may include spots, vesicles, bumps, pimples, or blisters. The type of rash may vary depending on the underlying viral infection. The rashes may disappear in a few days or last up to several weeks. Antibiotics meant for treating bacterial infections cannot treat viral infections. Therefore, they are ineffective in reducing viral rashes. It is essential to consult a pediatrician if your baby has skin rashes to avoid severe symptoms and complications. Keep reading this post to know more about common types of viral rashes in babies and how to treat and prevent them. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/skin-rashes-in-babies_00388497/" title="20 Different Causes Of Rashes In Babies And Their Prevention"] [mj-toc] Types Of Viral Rashes In Babies Dr. Cindy Rubin, a board-certified pediatrician and breastfeeding specialist from Westchester, Illinois, says, “Viral rashes in babies are common and not problematic, though there are some that could indicate a problem. Babies and children commonly develop rashes due to how their immune systems react...
Escherichia coli or E. coli infection is more prevalent in children and older adults than in other age groups (1). The E.coli bacteria that cause E. coli infection in children are mostly harmless and are commonly found in the intestinal tract. However, some strains of the bacteria can cause various infections, such as foodborne illnesses and acute kidney failure. If your children have diarrhea, it is important to consult a healthcare provider to prevent dehydration and avoid further complications. Read this post for more information on the types of E. coli infections in children, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. [mj-toc] What Are Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli? The pathotypes of E. coli bacteria that cause diarrheal illness are known as diarrheagenic E. coli. According to the CDC, the following six types (strains) of E. coli bacteria are known to cause diarrhea (2). STEC (shiga toxin-producing E. coli) is the most common pathotype of E. coli causing foodborne illnesses. This type...
Occasional heartburn in teenagers is not a cause of concern. This is not a cardiac symptom, and it is the regurgitation of stomach acid to the esophagus, causing burning pain in the chest and throat. It is also known as pyrosis or acid regurgitation. Usually, teens may experience heartburn after eating some foods or drinks, and it resolves without treatment in a short period. However, more frequent heartburn can signify gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that requires medical evaluation. Read on to know the causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heartburn in teens and when to seek medical care. [mj-toc] Signs And Symptoms Of Heartburn In Teens [caption id="attachment_888130" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] The prominent symptoms of heartburn are burning sensation in the chest or throat and taste of acid or food in the mouth. The following symptoms are often associated with heartburn (1): Sour taste Nausea Vomiting Halitosis (bad breath) Teeth damages Cough Trouble in swallowing Sore...
Booster seats help a child sit comfortably in the car once they outgrow their infant safety seat. Many parents may wonder when a child can stop using a booster seat since children may often demand sitting without booster seats. However, most children require a booster seat throughout early childhood for their safety. After considering several factors, you may let them sit on standard car seats once they approach adolescence or earlier. Read on to know more about when a child can stop using a booster seat and what factors to consider before letting your child sit on a standard car seat. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/safety-rules-you-should-teach-your-children_00121675/" title="10 General Safety Rules You Should Teach Your Children"] [mj-toc] When Can A Child Stop Using A Booster Seat? [caption id="attachment_888639" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a child can stop using a booster seat when the car’s seat belt fits properly without the need for a booster seat...
If you are a parent of a child who gets bored very easily, this post with some interesting games-for-7-year-olds can be your savior. You may be busy with family, work, and home responsibilities, but it is important to find some time and engage in activities with your little one. Seven-year-olds are quite independent. They can dress independently, catch objects that come their way, tie shoelaces, etc. Therefore, it is essential to find activities that can stimulate their mental and physical abilities. Read this post to explore fun games and activities for 7-year-olds. These activities are specifically designed to boost your child’s physical stamina and mental skills. [mj-toc] 30 Activities And Games For Seven-year-olds Learning and Educational Activities 1. Dice Math Improving the basic math skills of your child at a young age is crucial. This quick math game for 7-year-olds will get your little genius started with mental addition and subtraction. [caption id="attachment_661573" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] All you need...
Lemon is a citrus fruit and a vital vitamin C source. It is known for its refreshing flavor and scent. Due to the benefits of lemon for babies, parents consider adding it as a supplementary component while preparing their drinks or foods, but some doubt whether it is safe enough to do so. Lemon contains high quantities of [simple_tooltip text="bioactive compounds" tooltip="Molecules in plants and some foods with antioxidant properties and health-promoting effects." ] and is considered a healthy option in several home remedies. Including lemon in your regular diet could boost your immune system, make your skin healthy, and enhance iron absorption. This post shares some details about the health benefits, safety, and appropriate ways to include lemon in your baby’s diet. [mj-toc] When Can Babies Have Lemons? [caption id="attachment_881722" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] It is generally recommended to introduce citrus fruits to babies after about six months of age (1) (2). You may consider adding lemons after the...
The rubella virus causes a contagious viral infection known as rubella. While rubella in children is usually a mild condition, it can cause major complications in unborn babies if their mothers contract it during pregnancy. It spreads through droplets or direct contact with an infected person’s saliva or mucus and is also known as German measles or three-day measles. Rubella causes a red rash all over the body, one of the most noticeable signs. Read on to learn about the signs and symptoms of rubella in kids as well as treatment options and preventative strategies. [mj-toc] Symptoms Of Rubella The symptoms of pediatric rubella infection are usually mild; the rash would appear two to three weeks after the exposure to the virus. Some common symptoms of rubella in children include (1) (2): Red-colored spotty rash that start on the face and neck and progress downward (rashes last for one to three days) Swollen lymph glands behind the ears and in...
You notice your baby scratching their eyes and nose, becoming irritable and fussy, and you realize it\'s time for them to go to bed. So, you gently rock them in your arms and even hum a lullaby to them. But, does your baby fights sleep? Some babies can resist falling asleep when placed in a crib. You carefully set them in their crib, only to turn around and hear them wail and kick. You must be curious as to what leads to such a situation. Read on to learn why your infant is having trouble sleeping and how to put an end to it. [mj-toc] How To Know If Your Baby Is Fighting Sleep? [caption id="attachment_894526" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Some babies resist falling asleep, even when they are tired or exhausted. Such babies arch their backs, fuss, squirm and kick to ward off sleep, leaving them irritated and fussy. Babies who fight sleep might also find it hard to...
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia or CDH in babies occurs when the diaphragm fails to close during fetal life. The diaphragm is a muscular wall separating the chest and abdominal cavity. If there is an opening, the abdominal organs may herniate or protrude to the chest cavity and affect lung growth. Babies with CDH may develop pulmonary hypoplasia (resulting in a smaller lung) and pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lung arteries). Prompt medical care soon after birth may reduce the complications of CDH in babies. However, such babies have an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Read on to know about the causes, symptoms, types, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of CDH in babies. [mj-toc] Causes Of CDH In Babies [caption id="attachment_895127" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] The cause of CDH is unknown in many babies. It is believed to be multifactorial. Some research suggests that genetic factors may cause CDH, especially when it occurs with other birth defects, such as congenital...
If a chigger has bitten your child, you may be searching for quick ways to treat chigger bites on kids. Chigger bites are tiny, round, reddish bumps that appear on the skin and could cause swelling and blisters in the affected area. They are commonly seen in the skin folds, armpits, privates, around the waist, and behind the knees. The bumps emerge in groups and may spread to the adjacent areas over time. These bites are common in children who play outdoors, especially in gardens or lawns. Though they are mostly harmless, your child could be uncomfortable due to the constant itching sensation. This post presents more details on chigger bites in children, including their symptoms, treatment, and prevention. [mj-toc] What Causes Chigger Bites? [caption id="attachment_891099" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Chigger bites, medically known as trombiculosis, are rashes caused by chiggers, the larvae of trombiculid mites, also known as red mites or red bugs. These mites dwell on plants and...
Passage of gas from the digestive tract is referred to as flatulence. Though it is normal in adults, flatulence (farting) in teens can leave them embarrassed and even amused. However, studies say that farting is a usual phenomenon. In fact, the average number of times an individual passes wind is five to 15 times in a day (1). Read this post to know about the foods, medications, and other factors that cause excessive farting in teens and how to deal with it. [mj-toc]What Causes Farting? [caption id="attachment_880072" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] The digestion of food can cause the formation of gases within the digestive tract. Also, a small amount of air is swallowed with food, water, or saliva. These gases are relieved from the digestive system through belching (burping) or flatulence (farting). The following are the various reasons for flatulence in people, including teens (2) (3) (4). Reasons For Farting In Teenagers Swallowing excess air Fast eating Not chewing food...
A bulging fontanelle in infants is characterized by the outward appearance of their soft spot (fontanelle). Under normal conditions, the fontanelle is curved inwards. But when the pressure inside the brain increases or if there is a fluid buildup, the tension within leads to the bulging of the fontanelle. The condition could be accompanied by fever and may require medical care. Read on to know more about the causes of bulging fontanelle, its diagnosis, and treatment. [mj-toc]What Is Fontanelle In Infants? [caption id="attachment_890078" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] The skull consists of several bones, of which eight bones enclose and protect the brain. Each bone meets at a joint called a suture. In adults, the sutures are closed, but in infants, there is a space between the sutures filled with a membranous tissue. The space between the sutures is called a fontanelle or soft spot. The function of fontanelle is to allow the baby’s head to mold during delivery and support...
If you have noticed scratch marks on your baby’s face, it is quite understandable to feel upset or anxious. However, these marks have likely been caused by your baby scratching their own face. Nevertheless, parents should be wary about babies scratching themselves. Scratch marks on babies’ faces are common due to their sensitive skin. Even activities such as bathing and massaging may cause you to accidentally scratch their delicate skin. This post discusses the various reasons babies scratch their faces and ways to prevent scratch marks and skin infections caused by scratching. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/tips-to-prevent-dry-skin-in-babies_00370915/" title="7 Causes Of Dry Skin On Baby, Symptoms, And Home Remedies"] [mj-toc]Why Do Babies Scratch Their Face? There are several reasons why a baby scratches their face. Some of the common ones include. Exploring face: [caption id="attachment_886834" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] According to research, touching one’s face is an instinct that babies develop in utero. It is considered a sign of healthy fetal development, and...
Sickle cell diseases are a group of inherited disorders that affect the hemoglobin in the body. Sickle cell anemia in children is the most common and serious form of all sickle cell diseases. It causes crescent or sickle-shaped red blood cells, which are more fragile than normal red blood cells. Sickle cells can be more rigid and sticky than normal red blood cells. These unusual cells may block the tiny blood vessels in the body, resulting in reduced blood flow to the different parts of the body. In addition, it may lead to episodes of pain and organ failures. Read this post to learn more about the causes, signs, risks, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sickle cell anemia in children. [mj-toc]Causes Of Sickle Cell Anemia In Children Sickle cell gene is produced by a single point mutation in the beta globin gene of hemoglobin leading to formation of hemoglobin S in the place of normal hemoglobin A. We usually have...
Jock itch (tinea cruris) in kids is a fungal skin infection seen in children who sweat profusely and often swim in public pools. The jock itch is an infection commonly occurring in and around the moist areas of the body, such as the upper thighs and the privates. The main clinical manifestation of this infection is a ring-shaped rash, which can cause redness and itchiness in the affected area. In some children, the infection may spread to the surrounding areas, causing discomfort and irritation. However, it is usually not very serious and can be managed with good hygiene practices and over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications. Read this post to learn more about the symptoms and causes of the jock itch and whether the infection is contagious. [mj-toc]What Causes Jock Itch In Children? Jock itch, medically known as tinea cruris, is a fungal infection caused by any fungus from a group of fungi called dermatophytes (1) (2). Infections caused by these fungi...
Parents find various activities of their babies to be humorous. One such uncommon activity is a baby chewing on the tongue. You may have noticed your child nibbling on their tongue several times and wondered why they do it. Chewing on the tongue is quite common among babies and is usually their reaction to discovering their tongue. However, there could be other reasons a newborn chews on their tongue. Read this post to learn about the different reasons babies chew their tongues, how to deal with it, and when you should be concerned about your baby’s tongue-chewing habit. [mj-toc]Why Do Babies Chew On Their Tongues? Dr. Sharon Wiener, a Texas-based board-certified pediatrician, says, “Almost always, tongue chewing is normal and means different things at each age. It can be a feeding reflex in tiny babies and represent teething in babies three to four months or older (a soothing behavior). It can also signify the need or desire for solid foods...
The exact cause of the 12-month sleep regression in babies is unknown. Most babies have frequent, unexplained sleep disruptions, called sleep regressions. Usually, the sleep regressions coincide with major brain developments. 12-month-old babies usually achieve or are on the verge of achieving milestones such as fine motor skills, including holding their toys, and gross motor skills, such as sitting up without support. Many 12-month-old babies who previously used to sleep well may struggle to fall asleep or wake up in the middle of sleep during a sleep regression. In addition, parents may struggle to manage sleep regression since they have already gotten used to a little one who sleeps through the night. However, it is a temporary phase, and the baby eventually returns to normal sleep patterns. Read on to know more about the causes and tips to manage 12-month sleep regression in babies. [mj-toc]What Is 12-Month Sleep Regression? The 12-month sleep regression is defined as an event when the...
The tongue thrust reflex in kids, also known as the extrusion reflex, may interfere with speech development and cause orthodontic problems related to teeth alignment. This reflex occurs when an infant opens their mouth and extends their tongue when the lips touch (1). It is a newborn reflex that is a sign of normal development. The extrusion reflex prevents babies from choking from foreign objects and foods. It disappears as the baby grows, usually by around four to six months. However, you may seek medical care if the reflex stays much beyond infancy. Read on to know about the tongue thrust reflex in kids and signs of concerns. [mj-toc]Why Do Babies Have Extrusion Reflex? The newborn reflexes are spontaneous, involuntary actions that are a part of a baby\'s normal development. Some of these reflexes occur during a specific developmental stage and then diminish as the baby grows. The presence of these reflexes helps determine if the baby’s nervous system and...
It is fun to apply nail polish to babies’ little toenails and fingernails. Baby nail polish may look adorable, and many moms love to twin with their little one on special occasions with matching nails. However, it should be considered whether nail polish is safe for babies and whether there are nail polishes exclusively for babies? It is recommended to use non-toxic and safe nail polishes for your baby. Most standard adult nail polishes and paints may contain chemicals that are harmful to babies. Read on to know about the safety of baby nail polish, the right age to use nail polish, and the dos and don’ts. [mj-toc]Is It Safe To Paint Baby’s Nails? The safety of nail polish for babies depends on its ingredients. Standard nail polish could contain ingredients, such as toluene, which are toxic and could cause a host of problems, including those affecting the nervous system (1). Some other potentially harmful ingredients present include plasticizers, hardening...
Any new parent would love to witness all movements of their babies, including smiling, rolling over, communicating, and sleeping. However, as you watch your baby sleep peacefully, you may suddenly notice your baby twitching in sleep sometimes. Sleep twitching is when your baby has little jerks and spasms during sleep. These spams could occur in the arms, legs, eyes, eyelids, fingers, toes, head, mouth, and cheeks (1). Twitching is a mild condition involving involuntary muscle movement and is usually seen during the early stages of sleep. Sometimes referred to as ‘sleep starts’ or ‘sleep myoclonus,’ twitches affect most newborns and babies (2). The condition is referred to as benign neonatal sleep myoclonus in medical terms. Most parents and elders think that babies twitch in sleep in response to a dream, but what could be other reasons for it? In this post, we tell you about how common twitching is in babies and when to be concerned about it. [mj-toc]Is It...
A poison ivy rash in children is an allergic reaction to the poison ivy plant. Your child may develop a rash within 24 to 72 hours of exposure to this plant. They may experience itching and redness initially, but in severe cases, patches of fluid-filled blisters may appear on the affected site. Most children who are allergic to this plant have serious reactions in the first week of contact. However, the rash might last for up to three weeks in some. Read this post to learn more about the symptoms, treatment, and home remedies for poison ivy itching in children. [mj-toc]What Does A Poison Ivy Plant Look Like? [caption id="attachment_651360" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Poison ivy is found in many parts of the US and is said to be one of the leading causes for contact dermatitis. The plant grows like a vine or as a shrub along the ground or by climbing other plants. It does not grow in...