FRCOG, MD, DNB, DGO
Dr. Sangeeta Agrawal is an obstetrician and gynecologist with around 29 years of experience in the field. She worked in Royal London, St. Bartholomew’s, North Middlesex, and Barnet General hospitals in London and currently runs her clinic in Mumbai. She is also attached to Bhatia Hospital, Breach Candy Hospital, Wockhardt Hospital, and Global Hospital. Her areas of expertise include obstetrics and gynecology, involving teenage care, antenatal, intrapartum, postnatal care, painless labor, fertility control, menopause management, and infertility. Dr. Agrawal has several research papers, presentations, and publications in her name.
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It is advisable not to indulge in activities or quick ways to lose weight while pregnant and also not gain excess weight if you are obese or overweight (1). The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology suggests that women need to gain weight during pregnancy irrespective of their body mass index (BMI) (2). However, the amount of weight gain recommended depends on whether you have the ideal weight as per your body type or are overweight or obese. You may keep your weight gain under control by eating a healthy and balanced diet and indulging in pregnancy-safe physical activities for prenatal care, in case you are overweight. You should also avoid reading misleading articles or watching misleading videos about weight gain or loss during pregnancy. Instead, discuss your concerns with your doctor and act as advised for the health and wellbeing of you and your growing baby. Read this post as we tell you about some safe weight management methods...
Labor is thought to be one of the most challenging stages of pregnancy. However, you could perform different exercises to induce labor naturally. As the due date approaches, most women become anxious about the impending pain, delivery, or their baby’s health. You can ease this anxiety by performing different exercises. These exercises will help you stay flexible and strong and prepare you for a smooth and easy labor. However, before getting into any exercise routine, it is important to consult your doctor. This post illustrates some of the best exercises to help you get into labor with ease and who should avoid these exercises. [mj-toc] Exercises To Facilitate Labor Naturally Before you try any of the exercises or yoga for labor, it is imperative that you talk to your doctor about it. You can also consult a fitness coach who is an expert in prenatal fitness. Below are a few exercises and relaxation techniques that you can try to facilitate...
[mj-toc] How Many Months Pregnant Are You In The 36th week? In the 36th week, you are in the eighth month and the third trimester of pregnancy. You are just a week away from full term. How Big Is Your Baby At 36 Weeks? This week, babies are usually about the size of a large cabbage (1). An average baby measures 19.13in (48.6cm) in length and weighs about 6.30lb (2.859kg) (2). Baby Development In The 36th week Body Parts Development stage Head The size of the head is in proportion to the size of the body (3). Skin The protective coating on the skin, called vernix, gets thicker. There’s an increase in body fat (4). Lungs Will develop faster this week on (5). Lanugo Remains on the head but disappears from the face (6). Limbs Fully formed with fingernails and toenails. Ears Earlobes that are soft, with little cartilage, are formed. Muscles Are fully toned, and the baby can turn...
New mothers often get occupied with their babies and overlook their health. However, post-childbirth, a mother’s health is as important as the neonatal health. Ignoring postpartum health could lead to various health conditions like postpartum anemia. In developing nations, women are more likely to develop anemia after delivery, which can have a negative impact on maternal health and in some cases lead to maternal morbidity. Reading this post may help you understand the possible causes, signs, risk factors, and treatment options of postpartum anemia. [mj-toc] What Is Postpartum Anemia? Postpartum anemia is chronic iron deficiency post-delivery, when hemoglobin levels are less than 110 g/L at one week postpartum and less than 120 g/L at eight weeks postpartum (1). Anemia Develops In 3 Stages (2) First stage: The iron levels in the bone marrow start to deplete, causing an overall reduction in the iron content in the blood. No specific symptoms of anemia are noticed at this stage. Second stage: The...
Uterine prolapse during pregnancy is rare, with an estimated incidence of one in every 10,000 to 15,000 deliveries. Usually, ligaments and pelvic floor muscles hold the uterus and place it in its position. The weakening of muscles and ligaments due to damages or stretching can cause prolapse, dropping the uterus into the vagina (1) (2). The treatment is planned according to the degree of prolapse. Read on to know the causes, signs, and treatment of uterine prolapse in pregnancy and its complications. [mj-toc] Does A Uterine Prolapse Affect Pregnancy? A prolapsed uterus may cause the following complications (2) (3). Preterm labor Difficulty during labor and delivery Cervical discomfort [simple_tooltip text="Cervical desiccation" tooltip="A health condition causing the loss of flexibility and degenerative changes in the cervix" ] and ulceration Urinary tract infection Acute urinary retention [simple_tooltip text="Fetal" tooltip="A serious complication of bacterial infection affecting young infants" ] and maternal sepsis [simple_tooltip text="Postpartum hemorrhage" tooltip="A complication of childbirth associated with excessive blood loss...
[mj-toc] It is common for a pregnant woman to hear more about the benefits and risks of a C-section vs. normal delivery when her due date is approaching. She may have many concerns about which procedure would be the best for her and the little one. Knowing how and why the procedures are done can help her anticipate what will happen and reduce anxiety and fear. Vaginal delivery is recommended if there are no indications for C-section delivery. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle from the time you conceive may increase your chances of vaginal delivery. However, you may have to choose the delivery method suggested by your doctor based on obstetric indications. If your doctor determines that vaginal delivery is unsafe due to certain specifications or complications of your pregnancy, a C-section may be recommended. Read on to know more about the benefits and risks of a C-section compared to normal delivery. Vaginal Delivery The most common option for delivery, vaginal...
Pregnancy comes with its set of challenges, and pain in the ribs may be one of them. Rib pain during pregnancy may hamper the daily activities of an expecting mother and increase her discomfort. It generally occurs due to the baby's growing size in the uterus. The intensity of the pain varies from one woman to another. Although it becomes intolerable sometimes, rib pain does not cause any harm to you or your baby. The below post elaborates on the causes and management of rib pain during pregnancy. [mj-toc] How Does Pregnancy Rib Pain Feel Like? Pregnancy rib pain feels like your ribs are displaced or diverged. Though nothing of this sort happens, the region feels tender to touch, and you will experience pain when sitting, slouching, or bending forward. You will also experience pain while coughing, breathing deeply, laughing, or sneezing. The pain can appear at different times, and the intensity also varies from tolerable to unbearable. Usually, sore...
Brown discharge during pregnancy may occur due to various reasons, some of which are harmless, while a few others indicate some complications. Light to dark brownish discharge during pregnancy may occur in the later stages when old blood in the uterus flows through the [simple_tooltip text="cervix" tooltip="The lower, narrow end of the uterus which forms a passage to the vagina" ] and mixes with vaginal discharge (1). Though most cases are due to benign reasons, it is wise to see a doctor. Read this post to learn what may cause brown discharge and what to do about it. [mj-toc] What Is Brown Discharge During Pregnancy? Brown discharge can vary in its color from light to dark brown and emanate a slight odor; its consistency can differ from thin to thick. Brown discharge is a normal occurrence during the menstrual cycle and can happen at any time. The brown color is caused by oxidation of the blood exposed to air due to...
Breast pain during pregnancy is a common occurrence as the breasts undergo many changes during this period. Although the causes of breast pain during this period may not be due to an underlying disease or cancer, it is advised to consult with your doctor. Read on to know more about the symptoms and causes of breast pain during pregnancy, the concerning symptoms you should watch out for, and ways to manage the pain. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/body-ache-pregnancy-tips-to-reduce-deal_00793121/" title="Common Body Aches During Pregnancy And Tips To Deal With Them"] [mj-toc] Is Breast Pain Normal During Pregnancy? [caption id="attachment_887221" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] Breast pain, also called mastalgia, could occur as early as one to two weeks after conception. According to a survey conducted by the American Pregnancy Association (APA), 17% of women reported changes in the breast as an early symptom of pregnancy (1). Pregnancy symptoms vary, and not all women may have breast pain. Sometimes, breast tenderness may also be a sign...
You may be used to climbing the stairs if you need to reach the first or second floor of a building. However, you may often be advised against climbing stairs during pregnancy, even for a short distance. But is this precaution scientifically relevant or can climbing the stairs be considered a safe form of exercise during pregnancy? Keep reading this post where we tell you whether it is safe to take the stairs during pregnancy, whether it can be good for your prenatal health or if you should refrain from it, and what precautions to take while climbing them. [mj-toc] Is Climbing Stairs Safe During Pregnancy? [caption id="attachment_889758" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] It is safe to climb stairs during early pregnancy when your body is still balanced. One of the biggest fears in this regard is falling or tripping from the stairs. In the later months of pregnancy, a shift in the center of gravity of your body increases the...
When you think of pregnancy, the first thing you may envision is a growing belly. While this is a visible change of pregnancy that is hard to ignore, myriad transformations occur inside a pregnant woman’s body. The most important change is the size of the uterus during pregnancy. The uterus plays a crucial role in pregnancy as the abode of the infant, and it constantly expands during your gestation journey to hold the developing fetus. This post discusses interesting details about the uterus, including its size during and before pregnancy, functions, and positions. It also mentions how to maintain a healthy uterus. [mj-toc] Uterus During Pregnancy The uterus is a distensible organ the size of a closed fist. It grows and changes to become large enough to accommodate a full-term baby. It is held in its position by ligaments, which stretch as the uterus grows. Dr. Alan Lindemann, MD, a former clinical associate professor at the University of North Dakota,...
Jamun, also known as Java plum, Indian blackberry, or black plum, is a soft-fleshed, nutritious summer fruit with a sweet and tangy taste (1). If you like eating fruits with tropical flavors, you may consider consuming Jamun during pregnancy. However, since Jamun is known to lower blood sugar levels, is this fruit the right choice for pregnant women? Read on as we tell you more about the safety of Jamun during pregnancy, its possible health benefits and side effects, safe quantity to eat, and precautions to take when eating Jamun during pregnancy. [mj-toc] Is Jamun Fruit Safe To Eat During Pregnancy? There are claims that eating jamun during pregnancy can create small dark patches on the skin of the baby. However, there are no studies supporting it. You can eat jamun in moderation. But do ask your doctor about it. [mj_protip type="Quick tip" title="Quick tip"]Jamuns have an astringent taste. You can soak them in salt water or rub them with...
You could be thinking about the symptoms of twin pregnancy at times. Is it so because you are looking at a bigger bump? An ultrasound scan is a gold standard to confirm the number of babies. When a woman is pregnant, the body begins to make new hormones that bring many changes to accommodate the growing baby to term and deliver. Although there is no conclusive evidence, pregnancy hormones can be higher in twin pregnancy than singleton pregnancy. It may cause early and more apparent pregnancy symptoms in many moms. Keep reading to know the signs and symptoms of twin pregnancy and ways to care for your little ones in the womb. [mj-toc] What Factors Increase The Chances Of Twin Pregnancy? [caption id="attachment_875951" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] A few of the likely factors that could increase the chances of twin pregnancy are: Fertility treatment methods. In Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) such as [simple_tooltip text="IVF" tooltip="An assisted reproductive technique where eggs...
[mj-toc] The question of how to get pregnant with twins has no definite answer. As fascinating as it may be, the chances of giving birth to twins are often purely random. Different factors, such as genetic or medical procedures, may induce a twin or multiple pregnancies. However, there cannot be a 100% guarantee despite different methods. Read on as we tell you about the chances of conceiving twins, including factors to increase the probability and different fertility treatments that might help you with the same. How Are Twins Conceived? [caption id="attachment_874310" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] There are two types of twins – identical (non-fraternal) and non-identical (fraternal) (1). Nearly one-third of twins are identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins. They happen by chance and develop when one egg is fertilized by one sperm and gets divided into two separate embryos. They share the same genetic composition and placenta. Identical twins can also happen in women who undergo fertility assistance...
Pilates is a form of low-impact exercise that improves flexibility and core strength of the body. It also enhances mental awareness. Pilates pregnancy exercises may have several benefits for expectant mothers, but not all are suitable for every gestation phase. However, you should check with your doctor before starting any workout during pregnancy and seek the guidance of a trained professional. This post tells you about pilates exercises and the precautionary measures for a safe and effective workout. [mj-toc] What Is Pilates? Pilates is a versatile exercise developed by Joseph Pilates. It aims at improving posture, movement and pelvic alignment. The movements focus on lower abdominal muscles, pelvic floor muscles, and back muscles, which are pivotal to your posture, strength, and balance. The exercises can be practiced either on a mat or by using equipment such as reformers, trapeze tables, exercise balls and resistance bands (1). Is It Safe To Do Pilates During Pregnancy? Dr. Laura Williams, a doctor of...
Morning sickness during pregnancy characterized by nausea and vomiting is common. However, blood in vomit during pregnancy, also known as hematemesis, may indicate an underlying problem. The condition may be caused due to different reasons, such as a tear in the food pipe, peptic ulcer, irritated esophageal lining, and others. If you experience hematemesis, it is important to seek prompt medical attention. Read the post for more information on the causes of hematemesis, the symptoms accompanying it, its diagnosis, complications, treatments, and things you can do at home to relieve the symptoms. [mj-toc] What Is Hematemesis (Vomiting Blood)? [caption id="attachment_882364" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] Hematemesis refers to vomit that has a significant amount of bright red or gritty coffee ground blood. Usually, the bright red blood indicates any bleeding from the upper [simple_tooltip text="gastrointestinal tract" tooltip="Alimentary or digestive tract." ], mostly from the esophagus, stomach, or [simple_tooltip text="duodenum" tooltip="First part of the small intestine." ]. Coffee-ground hematemesis occurs when the...
You may have often heard people telling you not to bend over when pregnant. Even some pregnant women believe that bending over may adversely harm their baby. But, you might wonder if bending is always harmful to you or the baby? What underlying factors state that bending is dangerous during pregnancy? This post is intended to answer such questions and concerns you may have about bending posture during pregnancy. [mj-toc] How Safe Is It To Bend During Pregnancy? For a woman enjoying a healthy pregnancy sans any complications, bending seldom harms maternal and fetal health. The [simple_tooltip text="amniotic fluid" tooltip="The clear fluid that surrounds the baby in the uterus" ] surrounding the fetus serves as a protective shield (1). However, as the pregnancy progresses, the growing baby bump may make it difficult for an expectant mother to bend down. Parmeet Kaur, [simple_tooltip text="pelvic floor" tooltip="Group of muscles present at the base of the pelvis " ] specialist from Calgary, Alberta,...
If you enjoyed ab exercises before conception and have been missing them, here’s more about abdominal exercises during pregnancy. Most women may skip their exercise regimen once they conceive, thinking it may affect fetal growth and development. However, the right exercises are beneficial for maternal and fetal health. They can tone your body, strengthen your muscles, and prepare you for delivery. Abdominal exercises also fall under this category. When a pregnant mother performs guided ab exercises, these light yet powerful movements may reduce backache and make delivery easier. Keep reading as we discuss more on ab exercise in pregnancy. However, you may consult your doctor and practice these exercises under their supervision for a healthy pregnancy. [mj-toc] Best Abdominal Exercises To Perform During Pregnancy Caution: Do not work on any of these exercises without consulting your doctor. Experts say According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), you may begin or continue moderate-intensity exercises during pregnancy unless...
An ear infection while pregnant is a common occurrence. It mostly occurs in women who are likely prone to getting an earache. These infections most likely develop when there is an attack by a certain virus or bacteria in the eardrum, located in the middle ear. This attack results in the build-up of fluid, inflammation of the middle ear, and severe pain or otalgia. Chronic infections are recurring and, if not treated immediately, might lead to permanent damage of the inner and middle ear (1). Continue reading this post as we tell you about ear infections during pregnancy, their causes, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and precautions. [mj-toc] Causes Of Ear Infections During Pregnancy Many factors might cause an ear infection (acute otitis media). Your doctor is the right person to determine the exact cause of your pain and infection. Pathogens: Ear infections may occur when pathogens like bacteria or viruses find a way into the ear. These pathogens might cause common...
The [simple_tooltip text="placenta" tooltip="A temporary organ formed in pregnancy that clings to the uterus and supplies nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus" ] produces the pregnancy hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) to assist the growth of the fetus. During the first few weeks of a healthy pregnancy, it multiplies every 48 to 72 hours and can be determined through urine and blood testing (1). However, during a miscarriage, the hCG levels drop (medically referred to as a non-viable pregnancy) and may soon reach zero HCG level after a miscarriage. Read this post to learn how long hCG levels last after a miscarriage, when they return to pre-pregnancy levels and if you can ovulate with hCG in your system after a miscarriage. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/miscarriage-rates-by-week-and-age-risks-and-statistics_00633174/" title="Miscarriage Rates By Week And Risks Involved"] [mj-toc] How Long Does It Take For The hCG Levels To Fall To Zero After A Miscarriage? La Toya Luces-Sampson, MD, FACOG, a board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist from Stockton,...
The fetus is surrounded by and cushioned in a clear, yellowish fluid in the womb known as amniotic fluid. Some women may experience leaking amniotic fluid during pregnancy, too much of which may be harmful. The amniotic fluid comprises hormones, immune cells, nutrients, and urine produced by the fetus. The fetus starts swallowing and excreting this protective fluid at around 20 weeks. The amniotic fluid helps fetal movement and growth. Also, it prevents infections and injuries to the fetus, supports organ development (e.g., kidneys, intestines, and lungs), and protects the umbilical cord from compressing. Keep reading this post to learn more about amniotic fluid leakage, how to differentiate it from the leakage of other fluids such as urine or vaginal discharge, and what to do in such cases. [MJ_RELATED_LINKS href="https://www.momjunction.com/articles/discharge-during-pregnancy_00375486/" title="Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy: Is It Normal?"] [mj-toc] What Is Leaking Of Amniotic Fluid Or Premature Rupture Of Membranes (PROM)? The premature or preterm rupture of the amniotic sac membrane...
The consequences of pregnancy at 45 or after have been much debated by experts. So, when Kelly Preston got pregnant at 47, the news of her late pregnancy spread fast. People discussed how advancements in science had allowed her and her actor husband, John Travolta, to conceive late. In recent years, not only celebrities but several other women have been delaying having a baby due to personal or professional reasons. According to some researchers, pregnancies in older women cannot be managed as easily as in younger women. However, other researchers feel age is not a barrier to getting pregnant. Read the post to know how older age may affect pregnancy and how you can stay healthy while pregnant. [mj-toc] Can A Woman Get Naturally Pregnant At The Age Of 45? Yes. Though rare, it is possible to get pregnant at 45, without the use of fertility treatments (1). [simple_tooltip text="Menopause" tooltip="The stoppage of menstruation for 12 months as a result...
Pineapple contains various essential nutrients and has been associated with various health benefits, including improved digestion and immunity. However, if you are a pregnant woman, you might be apprehensive about the safety of pineapple during pregnancy. While some believe that eating pineapples is safe, others consider it a strict no during pregnancy. Food cravings during pregnancy are not uncommon. So, if you enjoy eating pineapples and can’t resist its enticing scent, you might want to read on to know the safety and risks of eating pineapples during pregnancy and learn how much pineapple you should eat when pregnant. [mj-toc] Is Pineapple Safe To Eat During Pregnancy? [caption id="attachment_889030" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] In India and other Asian countries, the fruit is categorized under sour and hot foods that can induce miscarriage, uterine contractions and preterm labor (1) (2). It is a taboo in these regions to eat pineapple, especially in the first trimester. Pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain that thins...
Scientific research does not support the use of [simple_tooltip text="enema" tooltip="An injection of fluid through the anus to help clear out stool or waste material." ] during labor anymore because it believes that the technique is ineffective in preventing maternal and [simple_tooltip text="neonatal risks" tooltip="The risk of a newborn being affected by a disease or adverse condition." ] of infections (1). That said, doctors may still recommend enemas to women based on their conditions. For example, it may shorten labor pain, relieve bowel issues, or benefit women with constipation before labor. However, since each pregnancy is different, you should discuss your issues with your midwife or gynecologist and decide whether you need an enema or not. Read this post to understand why enema is used during labor and why it is not recommended for all women. [mj-toc] Why Is Enema Not Recommended Before Labor? Administering enema during labor is not recommended due to the following reasons (2) (3). Discomfort: Some...
[mj-toc] How Many Months Pregnant Are You At 19 Weeks? At 19 weeks, you are in the second trimester of pregnancy and around five months pregnant. Momjunction tells you how the baby grows and your body changes this week, what prenatal care you should take, what you should be concerned about at this time, and the tips to stay healthy. Back to top How Big Is Your Baby At 19 Weeks? The baby is about the size of an heirloom tomato at 19 weeks (1). Your baby measures around 7in (17.8cm) in length and weighs about 7oz (200g) (2) (3). So it might be some time until your baby bump starts to show. Your baby starts to develop at a faster pace at this time. Back to top Baby Development At 19 Weeks In this week, the fetal development is most likely to progress as follows (4): Body parts Development Face More defined (5) Hair Grows on the head, eyebrows,...
Inflammation in the bronchial tubes or bronchitis during pregnancy can cause excessive coughing and spasms in the airways affecting lung health. Although it is not considered harmful to the growing fetus, it may cause discomfort to a pregnant woman. However, it is still advisable to consult a doctor if you are affected with bronchitis when pregnant to ensure your baby's safety. Continue reading this post to learn about the possible causes of bronchitis during pregnancy, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. We also suggest some home remedies effective in relieving the symptoms and preventive measures against bronchitis. [mj-toc] What Is Bronchitis? Bronchitis is an inflammation of the two largest airways that pass air from the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs. It can be due to infections or irritants. The airway irritation and inflammation could lead to difficulties in breathing and excess mucus secretion. You may develop a severe cough, which is the body’s mechanism to clear the extra mucus from the...
An ultrasound may show placental lakes during pregnancy; these are enlarged blood-filled spaces in the placenta. Placental lakes can be visible on the ultrasound image as one or several black areas. The placenta nourishes the unborn baby, and it is essential to have a healthy placenta for optimal fetal growth and development. Having one or two smaller placental lakes is not a cause of concern for maternal health. However, many women may have them in the third trimester. The obstetric/gynecology specialists recommend the following step based on your gestational age, fetus size, and the size of the placental lakes present. Read on to know more about placental lakes in pregnancy, when it is a concern and how it affects the pregnancy. [mj-toc] What Are Placental Lakes? Placental lakes or placental venous lakes are spaces within the placenta filled with maternal blood. A placental lake could contain small dilated veins with maternal blood flowing through them (1) (2). [mj_protip type="Did you...
[mj-toc] How Many Months Pregnant Are You At 35 Weeks? At 35 weeks, you are in the eighth month and third trimester of pregnancy. In two weeks, your pregnancy will be considered full-term. How Big Is Your Baby At 35 Weeks? Babies in this week are said to be about the size of a honeydew melon (1). On average, a baby measures 18.19in (46.2cm) in length and weighs 5.25lb (2.383kg) (2). By this time, the baby’s development is almost complete. Baby Development At 35 Weeks The following section tells you about the general fetal development this week: Body organs Development Skin (3) Less wrinkled, as fat gets deposited under the skin Bones Fully developed Heart and blood vessels Completely developed Brain (4) Developing faster than before Lungs (5) Almost developed and are creating surfactants Genitals (1) In boys, testicles descend from uterus to scrotum Nails (5) Toenails and fingernails extend to the tips of the toes and fingers Lanugo (6)...
Guessing an unborn baby’s gender can be fun and interesting. Perhaps that’s why there are several old wives’ tales on this topic. One such myth calls for checking for certain symptoms that are considered the symptoms of a baby girl during pregnancy. Though these signs or symptoms may have predicted the baby’s gender correctly for some mothers, it is usually due to luck and has no scientific backing. Hence, detecting a baby’s gender by mere signs and symptoms is impossible. Instead, getting an ultrasound at 20 weeks can help (1). Greg J. Marchand, MD, FACS, FACOG, program director at Steward Health, Providence, Rhode Island, says, “You cannot determine the sex without blood testing, ultrasound, [simple_tooltip text="MRI" tooltip="A diagnostic device that uses computer-generated radio waves and a magnetic field to create detailed images of tissues and organs in the body" ], or some form of invasive sampling such as [simple_tooltip text="amniocentesis" tooltip="Pregnancy test to check for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities in...
It is normal for family and friends to guess the gender of the baby when you are pregnant. Some also may suggest that you have symptoms of a baby boy or girl. These assumptions and myths originated over generations out of curiosity, especially when the scans were not available. While guessing or predicting the sex of the baby through symptoms can be fun, they should not be taken seriously due to a lack of scientific evidence. Read on to know some myths associated with the baby's gender during pregnancy. [mj-toc] What Determines The Sex Of A Baby? The baby’s sex is determined by its chromosome make-up at the time of fertilization (when the sperm meets the egg). An embryo (or the baby) receives 23 chromosomes from each of the parents, where one pair is made up of the sex chromosomes that determine the sex of the baby. If the baby has two X chromosomes, it is a girl, and if...
Dry skin and lips, lightheadedness, or persistent thirst may indicate dehydration. Ignoring the signs of dehydration in pregnancy may negatively impact your health and that of your baby. Therefore, you should take steps to address the problem. Keep reading this post to know the effects dehydration can have during pregnancy, how long it takes to recover, and the measures you need to adopt to avoid the problem. [mj-toc] What Causes Dehydration During Pregnancy? Some of the common causes of dehydration during pregnancy are: Morning sickness: The condition appears during the first month and continues until the 14th or 16th week. The symptoms include nausea and vomiting that may disappear by the time you reach the second trimester. In some cases, women continue to have morning sickness beyond the second trimester. The symptoms of morning sickness result in the loss of fluids and electrolytes from your body, causing dehydration. Moreover, nausea might not allow you to take fluids, making it harder...
"How much castor oil to take to induce labor?" is a common concern for many women who consider taking castor oil near the due date. Ancient Egyptians used castor oil to induce labor. However, the safety and effectiveness of castor oil use for labor induction lack definitive scientific evidence. In addition, some women may get uterine contractions after a small dose of its administration; while a few may not see any difference even after taking more amounts. Is it safe to take castor oil to induce labor? How does it induce labor? What is the right amount? Read on to learn more about the use of castor oil in labor induction methods. [mj-toc] Is Castor Oil Safe To Induce Labor? Though there is no scientific proof of its benefits, doctors and midwives used castor oil in the past for inducing labor, in the case of post-term pregnancies, which is after 40 weeks (1). But it is rarely used now. [mj_protip...
[mj-toc] How Many Months Pregnant Are You At 34 Weeks? At 34 weeks, you are in the eighth month, i.e., the third trimester of pregnancy and you are nearing your due date. MomJunction explains how your body is changing and your baby’s development among other things you will experience this week. How Big Is Your Baby At 34 Weeks? Your baby is the size of a cantaloupe (muskmelon) by this week (1). He or she measures around 12.6in (32cm) from crown to rump and weighs about 5lb (2.25kg) (2). Read on to know about your baby’s development this week. Baby Development At 34th Week Of Pregnancy Baby organs Development stage Skin (3) Is pink and smooth, and protected by a greasy coating called vernix (4). Face Features are distinct. Nails Reach the fingertips. Limbs Fully developed. Baby kicks get stronger by this time. Sucking movements are seen through the scan. Lungs It is almost developed (1). Eyes The baby’s eyes...
Occiput posterior position is when a baby is in vertex position (head-down) with their head facing to the front side of the mother in the womb. Babies can also be in various positions, such as head up, down, or facing back. Although it is safe to deliver vaginally in the occiput posterior position, it can be harder for babies to pass through the birth canal. In addition, some babies may turn to other positions before delivery. Read on to learn more about the occiput posterior position, causes, and what complications may arise during labor. [mj-toc] What Does Occiput Posterior Position Mean? A head-down position of the baby facing your abdomen (and not the back) is called an occiput posterior (OP) position. The vertex presentation wherein the occiput (back of the baby’s head) is anteriorly (to the front) positioned is called occiput anterior and is considered the optimal fetal positioning for childbirth (1). There are two OP positions: Right occiput posterior:...
A dry cough during pregnancy may make you feel extremely uncomfortable. It is advisable that pregnant women should not take any over-the-counter (OTC) medication without consulting a doctor. However, you may try out a few home remedies for a day or two. If you are an expecting mother suffering from a dry cough, continue reading this post as we suggest ways to help you with the condition. [mj-toc] What Is A Dry Cough? [caption id="attachment_885538" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] A dry cough is a non-productive cough that does not produce [simple_tooltip text="phlegm" tooltip="Thick mucus produced in the chest, especially during cold" ] or mucus. It is irritating and is mostly associated with a tickling sensation in the throat. It is often caused by viral infections of the respiratory system such as the cold and flu, and sometimes due to throat [simple_tooltip text="irritants" tooltip="Chemicals that can harm skin, eye, or airway after a brief exposure" ] and allergies.. A persistent dry...
Arthritis is a condition characterized by stiffening and swelling of joints resulting in decreased range of motion. Although this is a common geriatric problem, arthritis after pregnancy may occur in a few women. This condition could be due to physical changes after pregnancy and childbirth. It may be present for a few weeks or a few months after pregnancy. Postpartum arthritis may cause a lot of discomfort to the mother, and hence knowing the right treatment and caring measures could be helpful. Continue reading the post for more information. [mj-toc] Is Arthritis Common After Pregnancy? Arthritis is common in people of all ages. It may aggravate after pregnancy and a few women are likely to experience arthritis flare-ups or joint inflammation, after childbirth (1).They may have postpartum joint disorders that may cause pain in their wrists, hands, ankles, and feet. [mj_protip type="Quick fact" title="Quick fact"]Changes in the immune system is responsible for remission of arthritis in pregnancy and flare ups...
You are trying to conceive and are looking for signs that you are pregnant. So what signs should you look for? The first and most crucial sign confirming your pregnancy is your missed period. But the risk with at-home pregnancy kits is that they might sometimes give false-negative or false-positive results. Thus, it is essential to visit a gynecologist or perform a medical test to confirm your pregnancy. We will tell you about that and more in this post. Sometimes, you can tell whether or not you are pregnant even before missing your period. How? By tracking the symptoms. There are certain symptoms of pregnancy that are different from those of PMS. If checked properly, you might understand these symptoms and get your result. However, it is also advised to get an opinion from your doctor or medical professional for a confirmed result. So read on to learn about these symptoms that can help you understand whether or not you...
Generally, falling while pregnant only causes minor injuries to the mother, but if the impact of the fall is severe, it can put the pregnancy at risk and could be harmful to both the mother and the baby. Falling could be more severe during the initial three months of pregnancy as this is the most sensitive time for the baby and mother with a high risk of miscarriage. Moreover, as the delivery date approaches, if a mother experiences a fall at the end of their third trimester, it can cause premature delivery. Read on this post to learn the various reasons for falling during pregnancy and how it can be avoided in each trimester. [mj-toc] What Are The Reasons For Falling During Pregnancy? While falls are avoidable during pregnancy, there are certain factors during pregnancy that may make you lose the balance. Alteration in the [simple_tooltip text="center of gravity" tooltip="Imaginary point where combined mass of body appears concentrated" ]: The...
[mj-toc] Why Is The Fetal Position Important? The fetal position can determine the ease or difficulty of your childbirth. Your infant may assume one of various possible baby birth positions by the end of the gestation period, which is also a deciding factor for a vaginal birth or cesarean delivery. If your baby has transitioned to a head-first position by the end of the term, they can descend through your vaginal opening without difficulty during delivery. This post discusses the various fetal positions your baby may present in when you’re in labor and its impact on the delivery process. Different Fetal Positions During Pregnancy Before the due date, your baby will drop down into the pelvis. Here are the different positions your baby can get into when you are preparing for your delivery. 1. Occiput anterior (OA) This is the ideal position your baby could attain towards delivery. The baby moves into the pelvis with her head-down, facing the mother’s...
Sex during pregnancy is considered safe as long as you feel comfortable and your doctor does not ask you to avoid it for some health conditions. It may also provide several benefits, including better sleep, good hormones, and intimacy with your partner. However, some women might worry if they experience bleeding after sex while pregnant. Bleeding after sex (also known as postcoital bleeding) may be due to multiple causes; however, in most cases, it is not an issue to worry about (1). Nevertheless, if you notice bleeding after sex, it is better to see a healthcare provider. Read the post to understand more about the causes of bleeding after sex during pregnancy, its treatment, and tips to stay safe and comfortable. [mj-toc] Is It Normal To Bleed After Sex When Pregnant? Any bleeding, light or heavy, after 20 weeks of pregnancy is not normal (2). You should see a doctor immediately. But do not panic as not all bleeding is...
Home remedies for abortion are unsafe methods of abortion, and it is not recommended or scientifically backed by any medical authority. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines unsafe abortion as terminating a pregnancy with a non-recommended method or by an untrained person or both (1). Nearly 47,000 women die due to complications of unsafe abortion each year (2). According to the WHO, abortion with [simple_tooltip text="caustic substances" tooltip="Chemicals that may have the ability to burn or corrode." ] and traditional concoctions is dangerous and less safe (3). You may consult the healthcare provider to know your options to terminate the pregnancy if you consider home remedies for abortion. Read on to know the risks and complications of home remedies for abortion and safe abortion methods to consider. [mj-toc] Commonly Practiced Unsafe Abortion Techniques Some common methods of unsafe abortion include (4): Drinking mixtures or concoctions made using specific herbs Ingesting toxic fluids with chemicals [caption id="attachment_883154" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption]...
The doctor may recommend HCG injection during pregnancy for women who carry a high risk of miscarriage. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a vital hormone in pregnancy. Women who experience hormonal problems while pregnant may need an HCG injection, which is given as a therapy to simulate the effects of the natural hormone HCG in the body. Read on to understand the significance, mechanism of action, and possible side effects of administering HCG injection in pregnancy. [mj-toc] What Is A Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Injection? [caption id="attachment_881994" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: iStock[/caption] The Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is a natural hormone produced by the [simple_tooltip text="placenta" tooltip="A temporary organ that delivers protection, nourishment, and oxygen to the developing fetus during pregnancy." ].It supports the corpus luteum after fertilization of the ovum and also helps sustain the production of [simple_tooltip text="progesterone" tooltip="A hormone produced by a woman's ovaries, which is responsible for fetal growth and sustenance of pregnancy." ] throughout the gestational period (1)....
[mj-toc] How Many Months Pregnant Are You At 37 Weeks? At 37 weeks, you are in the ninth month of pregnancy and just a few weeks away from the due date. How Big Is Your Baby In The 37th Week? In this week, the baby is usually as long as a stalk of Swiss chard (1). An average baby measures 18in (45.7cm) in length and weighs six to seven lb (2.7 to 3.2 kg) (2). Baby Development At 37 Weeks Here is how the baby’s organs develop this week: Baby organs Development Skin (3) Fat is getting deposited under the skin Hands (4) Strong enough to grasp with fingers Heart (5) Beats more than 50 million times Muscles and bones (3) Fully developed Lungs (6) Usually fully matured Digestive system (7) Contains meconium, a dark green substance, which is your baby’s first poo [simple_tooltip text="Lanugo" tooltip="Soft, unpigmented hair that covers the fetus and the newborns, providing them warmth and protection."...
[mj-toc] How Many Months Pregnant Are You At 20 weeks? In the 20th week, you are in the fifth month of pregnancy. Momjunction explains how the unborn baby develops and how your body changes this week. How Big Is Your Baby At 20 Weeks? At 20 weeks, your baby is about the size of a banana (1). The baby is about 10.08in (25.6cm, measured from head to toe) in length and weighs approximately 10.58oz (300g) (2). Baby Development At 20 Weeks Here is how the baby develops this week. Body parts Development Skin (3) Oil glands called Sebaceous glands begin to work. Skin is covered with [simple_tooltip text="vernix" tooltip="A white and creamy-textured biofilm on fetal skin that provides protection and maintains body temperature." ]. Fingers (4) Develop fingerprints. Ears The baby can hear muffled sounds. Genitals Can be distinguished during an ultrasound. In girls, the uterus is formed with eggs in the ovaries (5). Larynx (6) Is developing and starts...
Many women experience yellow discharge during pregnancy due to various reasons. Although vaginal discharge is common in pregnant women, yellow discharge can be concerning. However, hormonal changes may cause slight yellow discharge without other symptoms. Yellow discharge with a peculiar smell or other symptoms may indicate [simple_tooltip text="amniotic fluid" tooltip="The clear fluid that surrounds the baby in the uterus." ] leak or infections. Therefore, it is recommended to seek advice from a doctor to know the exact cause, especially if you are uncertain about the accompanying symptoms. Read on to know the causes, treatment, and prevention of yellow discharge during pregnancy. [mj-toc] Is Yellow Discharge In Pregnancy Normal? [caption id="attachment_890864" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] During pregnancy, it is normal to have thin, milky white, slightly yellow, and mildly odorous discharge, which is also known as leucorrhea. This might increase as the pregnancy progresses, and is usually due to the fluctuating hormones(1). Also, sometimes, pregnant women might notice clear, pale yellow...
[mj-toc] The body experiences several changes during pregnancy. Women can experience changes in hemoglobin levels during pregnancy, with an increase in the hemoglobin circulating in the body. The overall concentration of the hemoglobin drops, though. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other body parts (1) (2). The oxygen requirement of the baby is also met through maternal blood. Many pregnant women are at risk of anemia in the second trimester when the hemoglobin levels are lowest. Doctors may check maternal hemoglobin levels during prenatal visits and recommend ways to minimize the risk of anemia. Read on to learn more about ways to improve hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. Ideal Hemoglobin Levels During Pregnancy [caption id="attachment_889860" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image: Shutterstock[/caption] According to the World Health Organization, the hemoglobin levels in pregnant women should be more than 11g/dl in the first and third trimester, and more than 10.5g/dl in the second trimester (2). Low levels of hemoglobin during pregnancy are likely to be...
The endometrium thickness in pregnancy plays an essential role in determining issues during pregnancy. The endometrium is the uterine lining where the embryo implants to commence pregnancy. The endometrium\'s thickness changes in each pregnancy month, and it is also a parameter assessed during imaging tests (ultrasound scans). The doctor may check the endometrium thickness to determine the underlying cause of any abnormal uterine bleeding during pregnancy. In this post, we tell you about the normal endometrium thickness during pregnancy and the various abnormal changes in the tissue\'s thickness. [mj-toc] What Is The Endometrium? The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus, where implantation of the embryo takes place. It comprises a single-layered prismatic epithelium and cell-rich connective tissue with blood vessels that surround the uterine glands. The single-layered prismatic epithelium consists of three types of cells: [simple_tooltip text="secretory cells" tooltip="Cells commonly found in the digestive and respiratory tract that are responsible for producing and secreting molecules." ], cells with...
[simple_tooltip text="Cervix" tooltip="The lowest portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina to form a passage between the two organs." ] dilation is the opening of the cervix, the neck of the uterus, during childbirth. Body changes during the labor process to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. Although it is exciting to hold the baby, many women may be nervous and worry about the labor pain and delivery near the due date. Knowing these changes may help them to stay calm. Childbirth includes three stages, and cervical dilation is crucial since it allows the baby to come out. Vaginal delivery may not be possible if there is no adequate cervical dilation during the labor. Doctors may also use various interventions to dilate the cervix if there is a delay. Read on to learn more about the signs, evaluation, and process of cervix dilation during labor. [mj-toc] What Is Cervix Dilation? [caption id="attachment_890526" align="alignnone" width="720"] Image:...
Acute polynephritis or kidney infection while pregnant is a type of urinary tract infection that spreads from the bladder to the kidneys. The infection affects about two percent of pregnant women and may involve one or both kidneys. It is often caused by a bacterial infection that causes the kidneys to inflame, which can have adverse complications if left untreated. Timely detection and treatment of kidney infection are essential to maintain the mother and baby’s health (1). Read on to know more about the causes, symptoms, complications, treatment, and prevention of kidney infection during pregnancy. [mj-toc]What Causes Kidney Infections In Pregnancy? The likelihood of kidney infections can be increased in pregnant women due to mechanical and hormonal changes in the body. Women are more vulnerable to acute pyelonephritis during second and third trimesters (2). Up to 40% of women with untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria develop pyelonephritis during pregnancy (3). The infection is usually caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli)...
Natural contraceptive methods are the ones that are used to prevent pregnancy without using medication or contraceptive devices. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), natural these methods are family planning methods that help avoid unwanted pregnancies or plan for pregnancies by identifying the signs and symptoms of the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle (1). But the question usually arises of whether natural methods are as effective as chemical methods. Read this post to know more about the effectiveness of natural methods of contraception over chemical methods, their benefits, risks, and possible side effects. [mj-toc]What Are The Pros And Cons Of Natural Birth Control? The natural birth control methods are generally of interest to those couples who do not intend to use artificial contraceptives. The US Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) also describes these methods as fertility awareness-based methods (2) as women or couples become familiar with the signs and patterns of ovulation to avoid...
[mj-toc] During pregnancy, urine analysis gives the doctor an idea about the functioning of the vital maternal organs. This is a routine test that helps the doctor determine several things, right from finding out if you are pregnant to any disorders you might encounter during pregnancy. One of the things that doctor checks for is the presence of excess protein in urine during pregnancy. Read this MomJunction post to find out more about it, what causes it, and how it affects your pregnancy. Is It Normal To Excrete Protein In Urine During Pregnancy? Usually, our urine contains a definite amount of protein. The standard excretion level is usually 300mg/d in normal pregnancy (which is higher than the usual level of 150mg/d in non-pregnant women). This happens due to an increase in blood volume, and as the burden on the kidneys doubles during pregnancy, adding stress on the kidneys. However, if the levels exceed this value, it could be a sign...